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(KNOWLEDGE)
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(BASED IMAGE UNDERSTANDING )
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(September, 2001)
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(A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Graduate School of)
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( )
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(State University of New York at Buffalo)
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( )
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1461 4991 M
(In partial f)
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1880 4991 M
(ulfillment of the requirement for the degree of)
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3722 4991 M
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2163 5106 M
(Doctor of Philosophy)
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3021 5106 M
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2592 5221 M
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(Department of Computer Science and Engineering)
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(In memory of my mother)
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(Nanxiu Huang)
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2280 992 M
(Abstract)
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2903 992 M
( )
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[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 1215 M
( )
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792 1387 M
(The understanding of medical images involves the identification of an)
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3589 1387 M
(atomical structures )
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792 1560 M
(in images, the establishment of the relationships among the structures and the matching )
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792 1732 M
(them with pre)
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1347 1732 M
(-)
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1380 1732 M
(defined anatomical models. The closer this match, the better the image is )
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792 1904 M
(understood. Hence, the development and use of anatomical kno)
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3326 1904 M
(wledge models are critical )
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792 2077 M
(to the effectiveness of the system. In this thesis, we will present a new knowledge model )
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792 2249 M
(for medical image content analysis based on the object)
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2973 2249 M
(-)
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3006 2249 M
(oriented paradigm. The new )
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792 2421 M
(model abstracts common properties from different types of)
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3143 2421 M
( medical images by using three )
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792 2594 M
(attributes: description, component, and semantic graph, and specifies its actions to )
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792 2766 M
(schedule the detection procedure, properly deform the model shapes to match the )
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792 2938 M
(corresponding anatomies in images, select the best match can)
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3244 2938 M
(didates, and verify the )
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[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
792 3111 M
(candidates\222 spatial relations with the semantic graph defined in the model.)
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[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
3756 3111 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
3781 3111 M
(The advantage )
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792 3283 M
(of the new model includes: 1\) It presents a robust representation ability to represent the )
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792 3456 M
(object variability, 2\) It provides a tighter bond b)
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2709 3456 M
(etween features and methods, and 3\) It )
[44 28 72 44 44 50 25 33 44 44 28 50 33 44 39 25 44 50 50 25 78 44 28 50 50 50 39 25 25 44 50 50
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792 3628 M
(supports the complex image analysis and works on both normal and abnormal images. )
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4262 3628 M
( )
[1]X
942 3800 M
(Based on this model, a knowledge)
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2443 3800 M
(-)
[1]X
2476 3800 M
(based medical image classification system is )
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792 3973 M
(developed. The system assigns each input image with one )
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3208 3973 M
(or more most similar models )
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792 4145 M
(by performing a two)
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1613 4145 M
(-)
[1]X
1646 4145 M
(stage processing. The first stage, coarse shape classification, focuses )
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792 4318 M
(on the global shape features of objects in the processed images. The second stage )
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792 4490 M
(performs a detail matching between extracted image fea)
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3265 4490 M
(tures and model specified )
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792 4663 M
(properties. The output match results imply a set of models which are most possible to be )
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792 4835 M
(existed in the processed image. To further confirm them, an evaluation strategy is used to )
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792 5008 M
(reject those unreasonable results and inference th)
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2753 5008 M
(e high confidence match models. )
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4094 5008 M
( )
[1]X
942 5180 M
(To improve the detection accuracy, we also proposed a new region model which )
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792 5353 M
(combines both region and edge information into image segmentation, and reformulate the )
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792 5525 M
(traditional snake model and level set model with it. As exp)
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3152 5525 M
(ected, the reformulated models )
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792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4342 6168 M
(4)
[1]X
792 583 M
(demonstrate robust ability to deal with the ambiguity in images and overcome the )
[50 44 78 50 50 39 28 33 44 28 44 53 33 50 50 50 39 28 53 44 50 28 28 28 29 48 53 28 50 53 50 44
44 28 53 72 28 28 50 53 28 50 44 53 44 79 50 28 49 50 28 29 48 53 28 50 53 28 78 45 49 44 39 53
44 50 50 54 50 50 44 33 44 50 78 44 53 28 50 45 1]X
792 755 M
(problem associated with the initialization.)
[50 33 50 50 28 44 78 25 44 39 39 50 44 28 44 28 44 50 25 72 28 28 50 25 28 50 44 25 28 50 28 28
28 44 28 28 45 44 28 28 50 50 1]X
2467 755 M
( )
[1]X
942 928 M
(The performance of the system has been tested on different types of digital )
[61 50 44 25 50 44 33 33 50 33 78 44 50 44 44 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 25 50 44
39 25 50 44 44 50 25 28 44 39 28 44 50 25 50 50 25 50 28 33 33 44 33 44 50 28 25 28 47 50 44 39
25 50 33 25 50 28 49 28 28 44 28 1]X
792 1100 M
(radiographs, including c)
[33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 25 25 28 50 44 28 50 50 28 50 49 25 1]X
1758 1100 M
(hest, pelvis, ankle, elbow and etc. The experimental results )
[50 44 39 28 25 25 50 44 28 50 28 39 25 25 44 50 50 28 44 25 25 44 28 50 50 72 25 44 50 50 25 44
28 44 25 25 61 50 44 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 1]X
792 1273 M
(suggest that the system prototype is applicable and robust, and the accuracy of the system )
[39 50 49 49 44 39 28 25 28 50 44 28 25 28 50 44 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 25 50 33 50 28 50 28 47 50
44 25 28 39 25 44 50 50 28 28 44 44 50 28 44 25 44 50 50 25 33 50 50 50 39 28 25 25 44 50 50 25
28 50 44 25 44 44 44 50 33 44 44 47 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 1]X
792 1445 M
(is nearly 70% in our image databases. )
[28 39 25 50 44 44 33 28 47 25 50 50 83 25 28 50 25 50 50 33 25 28 78 44 49 44 25 50 44 28 44 50
44 39 44 39 25 1]X
2324 1445 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1619 M
( )
[1]X
792 1792 M
( )
[1]X
792 1962 M
(Key words: )
[77 44 51 50 73 50 44 56 39 33 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
1359 1962 M
(    Medical images databases, Knowledge)
[48 48 48 48 89 44 50 28 44 44 28 48 28 78 44 49 44 39 48 51 44 28 44 50 44 39 44 39 25 48 73 50
50 72 28 44 50 50 1]X
3173 1962 M
(-)
[1]X
3206 1962 M
(based, image)
[51 44 39 44 50 25 48 28 78 45 49 1]X
3751 1962 M
( understanding, )
[49 50 50 50 44 33 39 28 44 50 50 28 51 49 26 1]X
792 2134 M
(image classification, feature extraction, snake model, object)
[28 78 44 49 44 25 44 28 44 39 39 28 33 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 25 33 44 44 28 50 33 44 25 44 51
28 33 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 25 25 50 50 28 44 44 1]X
3184 2134 M
(-)
[1]X
3217 2134 M
(oriented representation)
[50 33 28 44 50 28 44 50 25 33 44 50 33 44 39 44 50 28 44 28 28 50 1]X
4134 2134 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 2309 M
( )
[1]X
[200 0 0 -200 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 2574 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 2823 M
( )
[1]X
showpage
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13 779 translate 72 600 div dup neg scale
0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4342 6168 M
(5)
[1]X
[200 0 0 -200 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 678 M
( )
[1]X
[167 0 0 -167 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
1900 992 M
(Acknowledgements)
[121 74 93 93 84 120 46 74 93 84 74 139 74 93 56 1]X
3283 992 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 1215 M
( )
[1]X
792 1387 M
(I would like to thank my thesis advisors, Dr. Acharya and Dr. Gaborski, for all of their )
[32 34 72 50 50 28 50 33 28 28 50 44 33 28 51 33 28 50 44 50 50 33 79 48 34 28 51 44 39 28 39 33
44 50 50 28 39 50 33 39 25 33 73 33 25 33 73 45 50 44 35 48 44 34 44 50 50 33 73 33 25 33 73 44
50 50 33 39 50 28 25 34 33 50 33 33 44 28 28 33 51 33 33 28 50 44 28 34 1]X
792 1560 M
(guidance, encouragement and support in my )
[49 50 28 50 44 51 44 44 25 40 44 50 44 50 51 33 45 50 44 78 44 51 28 40 44 50 50 40 39 50 50 50
50 33 28 40 28 49 40 79 47 1]X
2676 1560 M
(research and overall graduate experience, )
[33 44 40 44 44 34 44 50 40 44 50 50 40 50 50 44 33 44 28 28 40 50 33 44 50 51 44 28 44 40 44 51
50 44 33 28 44 50 44 44 26 1]X
792 1732 M
(without which this dissertation would not be possible.)
[72 28 28 50 50 50 28 25 72 50 28 44 50 25 28 50 28 39 25 50 28 39 39 44 33 28 44 28 28 50 50 25
72 50 50 28 50 25 50 50 28 25 50 44 25 50 50 39 39 28 50 28 44 1]X
2948 1732 M
( )
[1]X
942 1904 M
(Four years ago, Dr. Acharya and Dr. Gaborski introduced me to the field of medical )
[55 50 50 33 33 48 45 44 33 39 32 45 49 50 25 31 72 33 26 31 72 44 51 44 35 48 44 32 44 50 50 31
72 33 26 31 72 44 50 51 33 39 50 28 31 28 50 28 33 50 50 50 44 44 50 31 78 45 31 28 50 31 28 50
44 31 33 29 44 28 50 32 50 33 31 78 44 50 28 44 44 29 1]X
792 2077 M
(image analysis, and I immediately found my interests in this area. Over the )
[28 78 44 49 45 35 44 50 44 30 48 39 28 39 25 35 44 50 51 36 32 35 28 79 78 44 50 28 44 28 44 29
48 36 33 50 50 50 50 35 80 48 35 28 50 28 45 33 44 39 28 39 35 28 50 35 28 50 28 39 35 44 33 45
44 25 35 72 50 45 33 35 29 50 44 1]X
3951 2077 M
(years, they )
[48 44 45 33 39 25 35 28 50 46 48 1]X
792 2249 M
(have given me the help to formulate my research problems, the freedom to work on the )
[50 44 50 44 33 49 28 50 44 51 32 78 45 32 28 50 44 32 51 44 28 50 32 29 50 32 33 50 33 78 50 28
44 28 45 32 80 48 32 34 44 39 44 45 33 44 51 32 50 33 50 50 28 44 78 39 25 32 28 50 45 32 33 34
44 44 50 50 78 32 29 50 32 72 50 33 50 32 50 51 32 28 50 45 1]X
792 2421 M
(problems, the direction to help me stay aware of the big picture and evaluate benefits and )
[50 33 50 50 28 44 78 39 25 27 28 50 44 27 50 28 33 44 44 28 28 50 50 27 28 50 27 50 44 28 50 27
78 44 27 39 28 45 48 28 44 72 44 34 44 27 50 33 27 29 50 44 27 50 28 49 27 50 28 44 28 50 34 44
27 44 50 50 27 44 51 44 28 50 45 28 44 27 50 44 50 44 33 28 28 39 27 44 50 51 1]X
792 2594 M
(pitfalls of various solutions I have considered. )
[50 28 28 33 44 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 50 44 33 28 50 50 39 25 39 50 28 50 28 28 50 50 39 25 31 25
50 44 50 44 25 44 50 50 39 28 50 44 33 44 50 25 1]X
2660 2594 M
( )
[1]X
942 2766 M
(I also thank Profe)
[32 44 44 28 39 50 43 28 50 44 50 50 43 56 33 50 34 1]X
1704 2766 M
(ssor Aidong Zhang, Professor Venu Govindaraju,)
[39 39 50 33 44 72 28 50 50 50 49 44 60 51 44 51 49 25 43 56 33 50 33 44 39 39 51 33 43 72 44 50
50 43 72 50 50 28 50 51 44 33 44 28 50 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
3780 2766 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
3826 2766 M
(and Professor )
[44 51 50 43 56 33 50 33 44 39 39 50 34 1]X
792 2938 M
(Rohini Sridhar for serving in my committee, and giving me many valuable advice and )
[67 50 50 28 50 28 37 56 33 28 50 50 44 33 37 33 50 33 37 39 44 33 50 29 50 49 37 28 50 37 80 48
37 44 50 78 78 28 28 28 44 44 25 37 44 51 50 37 49 28 50 28 51 49 37 78 44 37 78 44 52 48 37 50
44 28 51 45 50 28 44 37 44 50 50 28 44 44 38 44 50 50 1]X
792 3111 M
(direction.  )
[50 28 33 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 25 1]X
1222 3111 M
( )
[1]X
942 3283 M
(Many thanks to the thesis outside reader Professor Zhongfei Zhang for his )
[89 44 51 48 69 28 50 44 50 50 39 69 28 50 69 28 50 44 69 28 50 44 39 28 39 69 50 50 28 39 28 50
44 69 33 44 44 50 44 33 69 57 33 50 33 44 39 39 50 33 70 60 50 50 51 49 34 44 28 69 60 51 45 50
49 69 33 50 33 69 50 28 39 1]X
792 3456 M
(suggestions and comments,)
[39 50 49 49 44 39 28 28 50 50 39 25 44 50 50 25 44 50 78 78 44 50 28 39 1]X
1887 3456 M
( which improve the final draft of the thesis. )
[25 72 50 28 44 50 25 28 78 50 33 50 50 44 25 28 50 44 25 33 28 50 44 28 25 50 33 44 33 28 25 50
33 25 28 50 44 25 28 50 44 39 28 39 25 1]X
3640 3456 M
( )
[1]X
942 3628 M
(My special thanks go to Health Imaging Lab of Kodak Company and Siemens )
[90 48 51 39 51 44 44 28 44 28 51 28 51 44 50 50 39 52 49 50 51 29 50 51 72 44 44 28 28 50 53 32
78 45 49 28 51 49 52 60 45 50 52 50 33 51 72 50 50 44 51 51 67 50 78 50 44 52 48 52 44 51 50 51
56 28 44 78 44 50 39 1]X
792 3800 M
(Corporate Research for providing financial supports at various stage of my thesis.)
[67 50 33 50 50 33 44 28 44 25 67 44 39 44 44 33 44 50 25 33 50 33 25 50 33 50 50 28 50 28 50 49
25 33 28 50 44 50 44 28 44 28 25 39 50 50 50 50 33 28 39 25 44 28 25 50 44 33 28 50 50 39 25 39
28 44 49 44 25 50 33 25 78 47 25 28 50 44 39 28 39 1]X
4054 3800 M
( )
[1]X
985 3973 M
(Over the passed four years, I have the opportunity to )
[72 50 44 33 53 28 50 44 53 50 44 39 39 44 50 53 33 50 50 33 55 49 44 44 33 39 25 54 31 53 51 44
50 44 53 28 50 44 53 50 50 50 50 33 29 50 50 28 29 47 53 28 50 1]X
3391 3973 M
(work at the Networked )
[72 50 33 50 53 44 28 53 28 50 44 53 72 44 28 72 50 33 50 44 50 1]X
792 4145 M
(Multimedia and Visualization Laboratory, a wonderful place. I want to thank all former )
[89 50 28 28 28 78 44 50 28 44 33 44 50 50 33 72 28 39 50 44 28 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 34 59 44 50
51 33 44 28 50 35 48 25 34 44 33 72 50 51 50 44 33 33 50 28 33 50 28 44 45 44 25 34 32 33 73 44
50 28 33 28 50 33 28 50 44 50 50 33 44 28 28 33 33 50 33 78 44 34 1]X
792 4317 M
(and current members at the lab for helping me during these years, giving me friendship, )
[44 50 50 31 44 51 33 33 44 50 28 31 79 44 78 50 44 33 39 32 44 28 31 29 50 44 31 28 44 50 32 33
50 33 31 51 44 28 50 28 50 50 31 78 44 31 50 51 33 28 50 50 31 28 50 44 39 44 33 48 45 45 33 39
25 32 49 28 50 28 50 50 32 78 44 31 33 33 28 44 50 50 39 50 28 50 26 1]X
792 4490 M
(and making my stay at Buffalo pleasant and memorable.)
[44 50 50 25 78 44 50 28 50 49 25 78 47 25 39 28 44 47 25 44 28 25 66 50 33 33 44 28 50 25 50 28
44 44 39 44 50 28 25 44 50 50 25 78 44 78 50 33 44 50 28 44 1]X
3039 4490 M
( )
[1]X
985 4662 M
(Most )
[89 50 39 28 1]X
1223 4662 M
(importantly, I would like to express my gratitude to my family. This thesis is )
[28 78 50 50 33 28 44 50 28 29 48 25 33 32 33 72 50 51 28 50 32 28 28 50 44 32 28 50 32 44 51 50
33 44 39 39 32 79 48 33 50 33 45 28 28 28 50 50 44 32 28 50 32 79 48 33 33 44 78 28 29 48 26 32
61 50 29 39 32 28 50 44 39 28 39 32 28 38 1]X
792 4834 M
(dedicated to my mother for her love and encouragement, with which I always have )
[50 44 50 28 44 44 28 44 50 47 28 50 47 80 47 47 78 50 28 50 45 34 47 33 50 33 47 50 44 33 47 28
50 50 44 47 44 50 50 48 44 50 44 51 50 33 45 49 44 78 44 50 28 25 47 72 28 28 50 47 72 50 28 44
50 48 32 48 44 28 72 46 48 39 47 50 44 51 44 1]X
792 5007 M
(courage to face difficulties in my life. I also thank my father, who showed me the path of )
[44 50 50 33 45 50 44 27 28 50 27 33 45 44 44 27 50 28 34 33 28 44 50 28 28 28 44 39 27 28 50 27
79 48 27 28 28 34 44 25 28 32 28 44 28 39 50 27 28 50 44 51 50 27 79 48 27 34 44 28 50 44 33 26
27 72 50 50 27 39 50 50 72 44 51 27 78 44 27 28 50 44 27 50 44 28 50 27 51 34 1]X
792 5179 M
(academ)
[44 44 44 51 44 1]X
1097 5179 M
(ics where I walked this far, and my lovely sister for her love and encouragement. )
[28 44 39 29 72 50 44 34 44 30 32 29 73 44 28 50 45 50 29 28 50 28 39 29 33 44 33 25 29 44 50 50
29 80 48 29 28 50 50 44 30 49 29 39 28 39 28 44 33 29 33 50 33 29 50 45 33 29 28 50 50 44 29 44
50 50 30 45 50 44 50 50 33 45 50 44 78 44 50 28 25 1]X
792 5351 M
(Special thanks go to my husband for discussing me with my ideas, sharing my difficulties, )
[56 50 44 44 28 44 28 26 28 50 44 50 50 39 26 49 50 26 28 50 26 79 47 27 50 50 39 50 44 50 50 26
33 50 33 26 50 28 39 44 50 39 39 28 50 49 26 78 44 26 72 28 28 50 26 79 47 26 28 50 44 44 39 25
26 39 50 45 33 28 50 49 27 79 47 26 50 29 33 33 28 44 50 28 28 28 44 39 26 1]X
792 5524 M
(and always understanding and supporting me.  )
[44 50 50 25 44 28 72 44 47 39 25 50 50 50 44 33 39 28 44 50 50 28 50 49 25 44 50 50 25 39 50 50
50 50 33 28 28 50 49 25 78 44 25 25 1]X
2668 5524 M
( )
[1]X
942 5696 M
( )
[1]X
showpage
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13 779 translate 72 600 div dup neg scale
0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4342 6168 M
(6)
[1]X
[200 0 0 -200 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
942 676 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 928 M
( )
[1]X
[167 0 0 -167 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1164 M
(Contents)
[121 84 93 56 74 93 56 1]X
1434 1164 M
( )
[1]X
[150 0 0 -150 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1435 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1679 M
(List of Figures)
[89 37 52 44 33 67 44 33 81 37 67 74 59 59 1]X
1620 1679 M
( )
[1]X
1692 1679 M
( )
[1]X
1992 1679 M
( )
[1]X
2292 1679 M
( )
[1]X
2592 1679 M
( )
[1]X
2892 1679 M
( )
[1]X
3192 1679 M
( )
[1]X
3492 1679 M
( )
[1]X
3792 1679 M
( )
[1]X
4092 1679 M
(vii)
[67 37 1]X
4233 1679 M
( )
[1]X
792 1831 M
( )
[1]X
792 2062 M
(List of Tables)
[89 37 52 44 33 67 44 33 89 67 74 37 59 1]X
1569 2062 M
( )
[1]X
1692 2062 M
( )
[1]X
1992 2062 M
( )
[1]X
2292 2062 M
( )
[1]X
2592 2062 M
( )
[1]X
2892 2062 M
( )
[1]X
3192 2062 M
( )
[1]X
3492 2062 M
( )
[1]X
3792 2062 M
( )
[1]X
4092 2062 M
(ix)
[37 1]X
4196 2062 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 2211 M
( )
[1]X
792 2441 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 2674 M
(1.)
[50 1]X
867 2674 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
942 2674 M
(Introduction)
[52 74 44 59 67 74 74 59 44 37 67 1]X
1667 2674 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
4167 2674 M
(1)
[1]X
4217 2674 M
( )
[1]X
4392 2674 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
942 2872 M
(1.1)
[50 25 1]X
1067 2872 M
( )
[1]X
/IsChar{exch/CharStrings get exch known}bd/MapCh{3 -1 roll/Encoding get 3 1
roll put}bd/MapDegree{dup 16#b0 exch/degree IsChar{/degree}{/ring}ifelse MapCh}
bd/MapBB{dup 16#a6 exch/brokenbar IsChar{/brokenbar}{/bar}ifelse MapCh}bd
/reencode{findfont begin currentdict dup length dict begin{1 index/FID ne{def}
{pop pop}ifelse}forall/FontName exch def dup length 0 ne{/Encoding Encoding 256
array copy def 0 exch{dup type/nametype eq{Encoding 2 index 2 index put pop 1
add}{exch pop}ifelse}forall}if pop currentdict dup end end/FontName get exch
definefont dup MapDegree MapBB}bd/LATENC[0/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron
/breve/dotaccent/dieresis/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron/dotlessi/fi/fl
/Lslash/lslash/Zcaron/zcaron/minus/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl
/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quotesingle/parenleft/parenright/asterisk
/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight
/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M
/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum
/underscore/grave/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft
/bar/braceright/asciitilde/.notdef/euro/.notdef/quotesinglbase/florin
/quotedblbase/ellipsis/dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron
/guilsinglleft/OE/.notdef/Zcaron/.notdef/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright
/quotedblleft/quotedblright/bullet/endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron
/guilsinglright/oe/.notdef/zcaron/Ydieresis/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling
/currency/yen/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft
/logicalnot/hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior
/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine
/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute
/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex
/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute
/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex
/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis
/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute
/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis
/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
LATENC
/_Times-Roman /Times-Roman reencode
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
1092 2872 M
(Significance \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[56 28 49 50 28 33 28 44 44 50 44 44 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4140 2872 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2872 M
(1)
[1]X
4217 2872 M
( )
[1]X
942 3044 M
(1.2)
[50 25 1]X
1067 3044 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3044 M
(Research scope and goal \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[67 44 39 44 44 33 44 50 25 39 44 50 50 44 25 44 50 50 25 49 50 44 28 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4124 3044 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3044 M
(3)
[1]X
4217 3044 M
( )
[1]X
942 3216 M
(1.3)
[50 25 1]X
1067 3216 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3216 M
(Contribution\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[67 50 50 28 33 28 50 50 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4129 3216 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3216 M
(4)
[1]X
4217 3216 M
( )
[1]X
942 3389 M
(1.4)
[50 25 1]X
1067 3389 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3389 M
(Organization of the thesis\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[72 33 49 44 50 28 45 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 28 50 44 39 28 39 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4146 3389 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3389 M
(5)
[1]X
4217 3389 M
( )
[1]X
942 3561 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 3765 M
(2.)
[67 1]X
892 3765 M
( )
[1]X
942 3765 M
(Design of the Object)
[96 59 52 37 67 74 44 67 44 44 44 75 59 45 103 75 44 59 59 1]X
2134 3765 M
(-)
[1]X
2178 3765 M
(Orie)
[104 59 37 1]X
2437 3765 M
(nted Knowledge Model for Image )
[74 45 59 74 45 103 75 66 98 37 59 74 67 59 44 126 67 74 59 37 44 44 67 59 44 53 109 67 67 59 1]X
942 3995 M
(Understanding)
[96 74 74 59 59 52 44 67 74 74 37 74 1]X
1793 3995 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
4167 3995 M
(6)
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
4217 3995 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
942 4193 M
(2.1)
[50 25 1]X
1067 4193 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4193 M
( Introduction \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[25 31 50 28 33 50 50 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4134 4193 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4193 M
(6)
[1]X
4217 4193 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4365 M
(2.1.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 4365 M
( )
[1]X
1392 4365 M
(Our Motivation\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[72 50 33 25 89 50 28 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 1]X
4117 4365 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4365 M
(7)
[1]X
4217 4365 M
( )
[1]X
942 4538 M
(2.2)
[50 25 1]X
1067 4538 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4538 M
( Overview of knowledge representation in image understanding\205\205\205\205\205)
[25 72 50 44 33 50 28 44 72 25 50 33 25 50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 25 33 44 50 33 44 39 44 50 28
44 28 28 50 50 25 28 50 25 28 78 44 49 44 25 50 50 50 44 33 39 28 44 50 50 28 50 49 100 100 100 100
1]X
4131 4538 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4538 M
(8)
[1]X
4217 4538 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4710 M
(2.2.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 4710 M
( )
[1]X
1392 4710 M
(Production rules system\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[56 33 50 50 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 33 50 28 44 39 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4150 4710 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4710 M
(8)
[1]X
4217 4710 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4882 M
(2.2.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 4882 M
( )
[1]X
1392 4882 M
(Blackboard system)
[66 28 44 44 50 50 50 44 33 50 25 39 47 39 28 44 1]X
2151 4882 M
(\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4151 4882 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4882 M
(9)
[1]X
4217 4882 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5055 M
(2.2.3)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 5055 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5055 M
(Frame)
[55 33 44 78 1]X
1646 5055 M
(-)
[1]X
1679 5055 M
(based semantic networks\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[50 44 39 44 50 25 39 44 78 44 50 28 28 44 25 50 44 28 72 50 33 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4152 5055 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5055 M
(10)
[50 1]X
4267 5055 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5227 M
(2.2.4)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 5227 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5227 M
(Object)
[72 50 28 44 44 1]X
1658 5227 M
(-)
[1]X
1691 5227 M
(oriented representation\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[50 33 28 44 50 28 44 50 25 33 44 50 33 44 39 44 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4158 5227 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5227 M
(11)
[50 1]X
4267 5227 M
( )
[1]X
942 5399 M
(2.3)
[50 25 1]X
1067 5399 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5399 M
( Strategies for Dealing with Complexity\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[25 56 28 33 44 28 44 49 28 44 39 25 33 50 33 25 72 44 44 28 28 50 49 25 72 28 28 50 25 67 50 78
50 28 44 51 28 28 47 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4140 5399 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5399 M
(13)
[50 1]X
4267 5399 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5572 M
(2.3.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 5572 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5572 M
(Abstraction\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[72 50 39 28 33 44 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 1]X
4158 5572 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5572 M
(15)
[50 1]X
4267 5572 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5744 M
(2.3.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 5744 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5744 M
(Hierarchical Representation\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[72 28 44 33 44 33 44 50 28 44 44 28 25 67 44 50 33 44 39 44 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 1]X
3308 5744 M
(\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4158 5744 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5744 M
(16)
[50 1]X
4267 5744 M
( )
[1]X
showpage
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13 779 translate 72 600 div dup neg scale
0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4342 6168 M
(7)
[1]X
1092 583 M
(2.3.3)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 583 M
( )
[1]X
/IsChar{exch/CharStrings get exch known}bd/MapCh{3 -1 roll/Encoding get 3 1
roll put}bd/MapDegree{dup 16#b0 exch/degree IsChar{/degree}{/ring}ifelse MapCh}
bd/MapBB{dup 16#a6 exch/brokenbar IsChar{/brokenbar}{/bar}ifelse MapCh}bd
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definefont dup MapDegree MapBB}bd/LATENC[0/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron
/breve/dotaccent/dieresis/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron/dotlessi/fi/fl
/Lslash/lslash/Zcaron/zcaron/minus/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl
/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quotesingle/parenleft/parenright/asterisk
/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight
/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M
/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum
/underscore/grave/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft
/bar/braceright/asciitilde/.notdef/euro/.notdef/quotesinglbase/florin
/quotedblbase/ellipsis/dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron
/guilsinglleft/OE/.notdef/Zcaron/.notdef/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright
/quotedblleft/quotedblright/bullet/endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron
/guilsinglright/oe/.notdef/zcaron/Ydieresis/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling
/currency/yen/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft
/logicalnot/hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior
/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine
/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute
/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex
/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute
/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex
/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis
/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute
/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis
/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
LATENC
/_Times-Roman /Times-Roman reencode
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
1392 583 M
(Control Issue\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[67 50 50 28 33 50 28 25 31 39 39 50 44 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 1]X
4151 583 M
( )
[1]X
4167 583 M
(17)
[50 1]X
4267 583 M
( )
[1]X
1092 755 M
(2.3.4)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 755 M
( )
[1]X
1392 755 M
(Handling Uncertainty\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[72 44 50 50 28 28 50 49 25 72 50 44 44 33 28 44 28 50 28 47 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4156 755 M
( )
[1]X
4167 755 M
(19)
[50 1]X
4267 755 M
( )
[1]X
942 928 M
(2.4)
[50 25 1]X
1067 928 M
( )
[1]X
1092 928 M
(Basic concepts of the object)
[66 44 39 28 44 25 44 50 50 44 44 50 28 39 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 50 50 28 44 44 1]X
2211 928 M
(-)
[1]X
2244 928 M
(oriented knowledge model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[50 33 28 44 50 28 44 50 25 50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
1]X
4133 928 M
( )
[1]X
4167 928 M
(21)
[50 1]X
4267 928 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1100 M
(2.4.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 1100 M
( )
[1]X
1392 1100 M
(Model attributes \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[89 50 50 44 28 25 44 28 28 33 28 50 50 28 44 39 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4125 1100 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1100 M
(22)
[50 1]X
4267 1100 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1272 M
(2.4.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 1272 M
( )
[1]X
1392 1272 M
(Model methods \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[89 50 50 44 28 25 78 44 28 50 50 50 39 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 1]X
4142 1272 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1272 M
(24)
[50 1]X
4267 1272 M
( )
[1]X
942 1445 M
(2.5)
[50 25 1]X
1067 1445 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1445 M
(Implementat)
[31 78 50 28 44 78 44 50 28 44 1]X
1595 1445 M
(ion of object)
[28 50 50 25 50 33 25 50 50 28 44 44 1]X
2100 1445 M
(-)
[1]X
2133 1445 M
(oriented knowledge model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[50 33 28 44 50 28 44 50 25 50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 25 1]X
4147 1445 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1445 M
(32)
[50 1]X
4267 1445 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1617 M
(2.5.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 1617 M
( )
[1]X
1392 1617 M
(Chest digital radiographs\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[67 50 44 39 28 25 50 28 49 28 28 44 28 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4145 1617 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1617 M
(32)
[50 1]X
4267 1617 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1789 M
(2.5.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 1789 M
( )
[1]X
1392 1789 M
(Pelvis digital radiographs\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[56 44 28 50 28 39 25 50 28 49 28 28 44 28 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4137 1789 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1789 M
(40)
[50 1]X
4267 1789 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1962 M
(2.5.3)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 1962 M
( )
[1]X
1392 1962 M
(Other digital radiographs\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[72 28 50 44 33 25 50 28 49 28 28 44 28 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4144 1962 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1962 M
(46)
[50 1]X
4267 1962 M
( )
[1]X
942 2134 M
(2.6)
[50 25 1]X
1067 2134 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2134 M
(Summary\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[56 50 78 78 44 33 47 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 25 25 1]X
4153 2134 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2134 M
(49)
[50 1]X
4267 2134 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2307 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 2511 M
(3.)
[50 1]X
867 2511 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
942 2511 M
(Robust Snake Model)
[96 67 74 74 52 44 33 74 74 67 73 59 33 126 67 74 59 1]X
2125 2511 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
4167 2511 M
(50)
[50 1]X
4267 2511 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
942 2709 M
(3.1)
[50 25 1]X
1067 2709 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2709 M
( Introduction\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[25 31 50 28 33 50 50 50 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4134 2709 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2709 M
(50)
[50 1]X
4267 2709 M
( )
[1]X
942 2881 M
(3.2)
[50 25 1]X
1067 2881 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2881 M
( Snake Model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[25 56 50 44 50 44 25 89 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 1]X
4147 2881 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2881 M
(52)
[50 1]X
4267 2881 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3053 M
(3.2.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3053 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3053 M
(Internal energy\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[31 50 28 44 33 50 44 28 25 44 50 44 33 49 47 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4142 3053 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3053 M
(53)
[50 1]X
4267 3053 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3226 M
(3.2.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3226 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3226 M
(Image energy\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[31 78 44 49 44 25 44 50 44 33 49 47 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 1]X
4130 3226 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3226 M
(53)
[50 1]X
4267 3226 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3398 M
(3.2.3)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3398 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3398 M
(External Constraint energy\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[61 51 28 44 33 50 44 28 25 67 50 50 39 28 33 44 28 50 28 25 44 50 44 33 49 47 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4115 3398 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3398 M
(55)
[50 1]X
4267 3398 M
( )
[1]X
942 3570 M
(3.3)
[50 25 1]X
1067 3570 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3570 M
(Properties of snake model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[56 33 50 50 44 33 28 28 44 39 25 50 33 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
3632 3570 M
(\205\205\205\205\205)
[100 100 100 100 1]X
4132 3570 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3570 M
(55)
[50 1]X
4267 3570 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3743 M
(3.3.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3743 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3743 M
(Energy formulation\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[61 50 44 33 49 47 25 33 50 33 78 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4148 3743 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3743 M
(56)
[50 1]X
4267 3743 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3915 M
(3.3.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3915 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3915 M
(Initialization\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[31 50 28 28 28 44 28 28 45 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4152 3915 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3915 M
(59)
[50 1]X
4267 3915 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4087 M
(3.3.3)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 4087 M
( )
[1]X
1392 4087 M
(Energy minimization\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 33 49 47 25 78 28 50 28 78 28 45 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4161 4087 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4087 M
(62)
[50 1]X
4267 4087 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4260 M
(3.3.4)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 4260 M
( )
[1]X
1392 4260 M
(Implementation\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[31 78 50 28 44 78 44 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 1]X
4148 4260 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4260 M
(64)
[50 1]X
4267 4260 M
( )
[1]X
942 4432 M
(3.4)
[50 25 1]X
1067 4432 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4432 M
(Robust snake model  \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[67 50 50 50 39 28 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 25 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4153 4432 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4432 M
(67)
[50 1]X
4267 4432 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4605 M
(3.4.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 4605 M
( )
[1]X
1392 4605 M
(Region model and its statistics\205)
[67 44 49 28 50 50 25 78 50 50 44 28 25 44 50 50 25 28 28 39 25 39 28 44 28 28 39 28 28 44 39 1]X
2714 4605 M
(\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4139 4605 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4605 M
(67)
[50 1]X
4267 4605 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4777 M
(3.4.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 4777 M
( )
[1]X
1392 4777 M
(Reformulate snake model with region model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[67 44 33 50 33 78 50 28 44 28 44 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 25 72 28 28 50 25 33 44 49
28 50 50 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4150 4777 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4777 M
(72)
[50 1]X
4267 4777 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4949 M
(3.4.3)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 4949 M
( )
[1]X
1392 4949 M
(Reformulate level set models with region model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[67 44 33 50 33 78 50 28 44 28 44 25 28 44 50 44 28 25 39 44 28 25 78 50 50 44 28 39 25 72 28 28
50 25 33 44 49 28 50 50 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4142 4949 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4949 M
(77)
[50 1]X
4267 4949 M
( )
[1]X
942 5122 M
(3.5)
[50 25 1]X
1067 5122 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5122 M
(Performance Assessment\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[56 44 33 33 50 33 78 44 50 44 44 25 72 39 39 44 39 39 78 44 50 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4148 5122 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5122 M
(80)
[50 1]X
4267 5122 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5294 M
(3.5.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 5294 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5294 M
(Experimental results on simulated images\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[61 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 50 50 25 39 28 78 50 28 44 28 44
50 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4163 5294 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5294 M
(80)
[50 1]X
4267 5294 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5466 M
(3.5.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 5466 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5466 M
(Experimental resul)
[61 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 1]X
2150 5466 M
(ts on real images\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[28 39 25 50 50 25 33 44 44 28 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4148 5466 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5466 M
(82)
[50 1]X
4267 5466 M
( )
[1]X
942 5639 M
(3.6)
[50 25 1]X
1067 5639 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5639 M
(Summary\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[56 50 78 78 44 33 47 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 25 25 1]X
4153 5639 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5639 M
(85)
[50 1]X
4267 5639 M
( )
[1]X
942 5811 M
( )
[1]X
showpage
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13 779 translate 72 600 div dup neg scale
0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4342 6168 M
(8)
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 615 M
(4.)
[67 1]X
892 615 M
( )
[1]X
942 615 M
(Architecture of Content)
[96 59 59 74 37 44 60 59 44 74 60 59 47 67 44 48 96 67 74 44 59 74 1]X
2332 615 M
(-)
[1]X
2376 615 M
(based Medical Image classification )
[74 67 52 59 74 47 127 59 74 37 59 67 37 47 53 109 67 67 59 47 59 37 67 53 52 37 44 37 59 67 44 37
67 74 1]X
942 845 M
(System)
[74 67 52 44 59 1]X
1347 845 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
4167 845 M
(86)
[50 1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
4267 845 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
942 1043 M
(4.1)
[50 25 1]X
1067 1043 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1043 M
( Introduction )
[25 31 50 28 33 50 50 50 44 28 28 50 50 1]X
1634 1043 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1043 M
(86)
[50 1]X
4267 1043 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1215 M
(4.1.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 1215 M
( )
[1]X
/IsChar{exch/CharStrings get exch known}bd/MapCh{3 -1 roll/Encoding get 3 1
roll put}bd/MapDegree{dup 16#b0 exch/degree IsChar{/degree}{/ring}ifelse MapCh}
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/Lslash/lslash/Zcaron/zcaron/minus/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl
/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quotesingle/parenleft/parenright/asterisk
/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight
/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M
/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum
/underscore/grave/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft
/bar/braceright/asciitilde/.notdef/euro/.notdef/quotesinglbase/florin
/quotedblbase/ellipsis/dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron
/guilsinglleft/OE/.notdef/Zcaron/.notdef/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright
/quotedblleft/quotedblright/bullet/endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron
/guilsinglright/oe/.notdef/zcaron/Ydieresis/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling
/currency/yen/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft
/logicalnot/hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior
/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine
/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute
/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex
/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute
/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex
/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis
/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute
/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis
/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
LATENC
/_Times-Roman /Times-Roman reencode
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
1392 1215 M
(Characteristics of Medical images\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[67 50 44 33 44 44 28 44 33 28 39 28 28 44 39 25 50 33 25 89 44 50 28 44 44 28 25 28 78 44 49 44
39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4152 1215 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1215 M
(88)
[50 1]X
4267 1215 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1387 M
(4.1.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 1387 M
( )
[1]X
1392 1387 M
(Problem Definition\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[56 33 50 50 28 44 78 25 72 44 33 28 50 28 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4167 1387 M
(90)
[50 1]X
4267 1387 M
( )
[1]X
942 1560 M
(4.2)
[50 25 1]X
1067 1560 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1560 M
( Framework of the system\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[25 55 33 44 78 44 72 50 33 50 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4156 1560 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1560 M
(91)
[50 1]X
4267 1560 M
( )
[1]X
942 1732 M
(4.3)
[50 25 1]X
1067 1732 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1732 M
( Coarse shape classification\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[25 67 50 44 33 39 44 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 44 28 44 39 39 28 33 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4148 1732 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1732 M
(93)
[50 1]X
4267 1732 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1904 M
(4.3.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 1904 M
( )
[1]X
1392 1904 M
(Image preprocessing\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[31 78 44 49 44 25 50 33 44 50 33 50 44 44 39 39 28 50 49 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4141 1904 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1904 M
(94)
[50 1]X
4267 1904 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2077 M
(4.3.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 2077 M
( )
[1]X
1392 2077 M
(Feature extraction\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[55 44 44 28 50 33 44 25 44 51 28 33 44 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4140 2077 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2077 M
(96)
[50 1]X
4267 2077 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2249 M
(4.3.3)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 2249 M
( )
[1]X
1392 2249 M
(Neural networks training\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[72 44 50 33 44 28 25 50 44 28 72 50 33 50 39 25 28 33 44 28 50 28 50 49 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4139 2249 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2249 M
(99)
[50 1]X
4267 2249 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2421 M
(4.3.4)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 2421 M
( )
[1]X
1392 2421 M
(Object shape detectio)
[72 50 28 44 44 28 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 50 44 28 44 44 28 28 1]X
2251 2421 M
(n\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4151 2421 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2421 M
(103)
[50 50 1]X
4317 2421 M
( )
[1]X
942 2594 M
(4.4)
[50 25 1]X
1067 2594 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2594 M
( Detail content identification\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[25 72 44 28 44 28 28 25 44 50 50 28 44 50 28 25 28 50 44 50 28 28 33 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4163 2594 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2594 M
(104)
[50 50 1]X
4317 2594 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2766 M
(4.4.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 2766 M
( )
[1]X
1392 2766 M
(Modification of models\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[89 50 50 28 33 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 78 50 50 44 28 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4161 2766 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2766 M
(105)
[50 50 1]X
4317 2766 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2938 M
(4.4.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 2938 M
( )
[1]X
1392 2938 M
(Match of models\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[89 44 28 44 50 25 50 33 25 78 50 50 44 28 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4144 2938 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2938 M
(109)
[50 50 1]X
4317 2938 M
( )
[1]X
942 3111 M
(4.5)
[50 25 1]X
1067 3111 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3111 M
(Evaluation of match\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[61 50 44 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 78 44 28 44 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4152 3111 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3111 M
(110)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3111 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3283 M
(4.5.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3283 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3283 M
(Confidence level of match\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[67 50 50 33 28 50 44 50 44 44 25 28 44 50 44 28 25 50 33 25 78 44 28 44 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 1]X
3748 3283 M
(\205\205\205\205)
[100 100 100 1]X
4148 3283 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3283 M
(110)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3283 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3456 M
(4.5.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3456 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3456 M
(Evaluation rules\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[61 50 44 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 33 50 28 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 1]X
4144 3456 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3456 M
(112)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3456 M
( )
[1]X
942 3628 M
(4.6)
[50 25 1]X
1067 3628 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3628 M
(System Evaluation and experimental results\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[56 47 39 28 44 78 25 61 50 44 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 44 50 50 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28
44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4144 3628 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3628 M
(118)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3628 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3800 M
(4.6.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3800 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3800 M
(Evaluation of coarse shape classification\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 44 50 44 33 39 44 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 44 28 44 39 39
28 33 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4141 3800 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3800 M
(118)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3800 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3973 M
(4.6.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 3973 M
( )
[1]X
1392 3973 M
(Evaluation of detail content classification\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[61 50 44 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 50 44 28 44 28 28 25 44 50 50 28 44 50 28 25 44 28 44
39 39 28 33 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4151 3973 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3973 M
(122)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3973 M
( )
[1]X
942 4145 M
(4.7)
[50 25 1]X
1067 4145 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4145 M
(Summary\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[56 50 78 78 44 33 47 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
3578 4145 M
(\205\205\205\205\205...)
[100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4153 4145 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4145 M
(122)
[50 50 1]X
4317 4145 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
942 4319 M
( )
[1]X
792 4522 M
(5.)
[50 1]X
867 4522 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
942 4522 M
(Conclusion and future work)
[96 67 74 59 37 74 52 37 67 74 33 67 74 74 33 44 74 44 74 59 59 33 98 67 59 1]X
2544 4522 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
4167 4522 M
(124)
[50 50 1]X
4317 4522 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
942 4719 M
(5.1)
[50 25 1]X
1067 4719 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4719 M
( Conclusion\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[25 67 50 50 44 28 50 39 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4148 4719 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4719 M
(124)
[50 50 1]X
4317 4719 M
( )
[1]X
942 4892 M
(5.2)
[50 25 1]X
1067 4892 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4892 M
( Future work\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[25 55 50 28 50 33 44 25 72 50 33 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4157 4892 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4892 M
(126)
[50 50 1]X
4317 4892 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5064 M
(5.2.1)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 5064 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5064 M
(Statistical analysis of anatomical shapes\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[56 28 44 28 28 39 28 28 44 44 28 25 44 50 44 28 47 39 28 39 25 50 33 25 44 50 44 28 50 78 28 44
44 28 25 39 50 44 50 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4143 5064 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5064 M
(126)
[50 50 1]X
4317 5064 M
( )
[1]X
1092 5236 M
(5.2.2)
[50 25 50 25 1]X
1292 5236 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5236 M
(Medical image index\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[89 44 50 28 44 44 28 25 28 78 44 49 44 25 28 50 50 44 51 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4160 5236 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5236 M
(126)
[50 50 1]X
4317 5236 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 5441 M
( )
[1]X
792 5671 M
(Reference)
[96 59 44 59 59 59 74 59 1]X
1360 5671 M
( )
[1]X
1392 5671 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
4167 5671 M
(129)
[50 50 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
4317 5671 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
4392 5671 M
( )
[1]X
showpage
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13 779 translate 72 600 div dup neg scale
0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4342 6168 M
(9)
[1]X
792 583 M
( )
[1]X
1092 755 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1010 M
(L)
[1]X
881 1010 M
(ist of Figures)
[37 52 44 33 67 44 33 81 37 67 74 59 59 1]X
1620 1010 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 1208 M
( )
[1]X
792 1380 M
( )
[1]X
792 1551 M
(2)
[1]X
842 1551 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1551 M
(1)
[1]X
925 1551 M
( )
[1]X
/IsChar{exch/CharStrings get exch known}bd/MapCh{3 -1 roll/Encoding get 3 1
roll put}bd/MapDegree{dup 16#b0 exch/degree IsChar{/degree}{/ring}ifelse MapCh}
bd/MapBB{dup 16#a6 exch/brokenbar IsChar{/brokenbar}{/bar}ifelse MapCh}bd
/reencode{findfont begin currentdict dup length dict begin{1 index/FID ne{def}
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definefont dup MapDegree MapBB}bd/LATENC[0/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron
/breve/dotaccent/dieresis/ring/cedilla/hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron/dotlessi/fi/fl
/Lslash/lslash/Zcaron/zcaron/minus/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl
/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quotesingle/parenleft/parenright/asterisk
/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight
/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M
/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum
/underscore/grave/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft
/bar/braceright/asciitilde/.notdef/euro/.notdef/quotesinglbase/florin
/quotedblbase/ellipsis/dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron
/guilsinglleft/OE/.notdef/Zcaron/.notdef/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright
/quotedblleft/quotedblright/bullet/endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron
/guilsinglright/oe/.notdef/zcaron/Ydieresis/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling
/currency/yen/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft
/logicalnot/hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior
/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine
/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute
/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex
/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute
/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex
/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis
/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute
/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis
/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
LATENC
/_Times-Roman /Times-Roman reencode
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
1092 1551 M
(General levels in an image analysis system\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[72 44 50 44 33 44 28 25 28 44 50 44 28 39 25 28 50 25 44 50 25 28 78 44 49 44 25 44 50 44 28 47
39 28 39 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4149 1551 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1551 M
(14)
[50 1]X
4267 1551 M
( )
[1]X
792 1666 M
( )
[1]X
792 1781 M
(2)
[1]X
842 1781 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1781 M
(2)
[1]X
925 1781 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1781 M
(Representation of an object)
[67 44 50 33 44 39 44 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 44 50 25 50 50 28 44 44 1]X
2187 1781 M
(-)
[1]X
2220 1781 M
(oriented knowledge model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.. )
[50 33 28 44 50 28 44 50 25 50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
25 25 1]X
4159 1781 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1781 M
(23)
[50 1]X
4267 1781 M
( )
[1]X
792 1896 M
( )
[1]X
792 2011 M
(2)
[1]X
842 2011 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2011 M
(2)
[1]X
925 2011 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2011 M
(Illustration of matching the spatial relations using the pelvis model\205\205\205..)
[31 28 28 50 39 28 33 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 78 44 28 44 50 28 50 49 25 28 50 44 25 39 50 44
28 28 44 28 25 33 44 28 44 28 28 50 50 39 25 50 39 28 50 49 25 28 50 44 25 50 44 28 50 28 39 25
78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 25 1]X
4112 2011 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2011 M
(29)
[50 1]X
4267 2011 M
( )
[1]X
792 2126 M
( )
[1]X
792 2241 M
(2)
[1]X
842 2241 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2241 M
(4  )
[50 25 1]X
975 2241 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2241 M
(Fuzzy membership fun)
[55 50 45 45 47 25 78 44 78 50 44 33 39 50 28 50 25 33 50 1]X
2011 2241 M
(ctions of the gray)
[44 28 28 50 50 39 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 49 33 44 1]X
2703 2241 M
(-)
[1]X
2736 2241 M
(level attribute\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[28 44 50 44 28 25 44 28 28 33 28 50 50 28 44 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4138 2241 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2241 M
(31)
[50 1]X
4267 2241 M
( )
[1]X
792 2356 M
( )
[1]X
792 2470 M
(2)
[1]X
842 2470 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2470 M
(5  )
[50 25 1]X
975 2470 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2470 M
(Illustration of designing the chest model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205. )
[31 28 28 50 39 28 33 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 50 44 39 28 49 50 28 50 49 25 28 50 44 25 44 50
44 39 28 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4151 2470 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2470 M
(33)
[50 1]X
4267 2470 M
( )
[1]X
792 2585 M
( )
[1]X
792 2700 M
(2)
[1]X
842 2700 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2700 M
(6)
[1]X
925 2700 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2700 M
(The semantic networks of the chest model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[61 50 44 25 39 44 78 44 50 28 28 44 25 50 44 28 72 50 33 50 39 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 44 50 44
39 28 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4153 2700 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2700 M
(34)
[50 1]X
4267 2700 M
( )
[1]X
792 2815 M
( )
[1]X
792 2930 M
(2)
[1]X
842 2930 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2930 M
(7)
[1]X
925 2930 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2930 M
(The class diagrams of the chest model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 25 44 28 44 39 39 25 50 28 44 49 33 44 78 39 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 44 50 44 39 28 25
78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4141 2930 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2930 M
(34)
[50 1]X
4267 2930 M
( )
[1]X
792 3045 M
( )
[1]X
792 3160 M
(2)
[1]X
842 3160 M
(-)
[1]X
875 3160 M
(8)
[1]X
925 3160 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3160 M
(The expe)
[61 50 44 25 44 51 50 1]X
1461 3160 M
(rimental results of a chest radiograph\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 44 25 44 50 44 39 28 25 33 44 50 28
50 49 33 44 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4143 3160 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3160 M
(38)
[50 1]X
4267 3160 M
( )
[1]X
792 3275 M
( )
[1]X
792 3390 M
(2)
[1]X
842 3390 M
(-)
[1]X
875 3390 M
(9 )
[50 1]X
950 3390 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3390 M
(More experimental results of chest radiographs\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[89 50 33 44 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 44 50 44
39 28 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4149 3390 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3390 M
(39)
[50 1]X
4267 3390 M
( )
[1]X
792 3505 M
( )
[1]X
792 3620 M
(2)
[1]X
842 3620 M
(-)
[1]X
875 3620 M
(10  )
[50 50 25 1]X
1025 3620 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3620 M
(Illustration of designing of the pelvis model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[31 28 28 50 39 28 33 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 50 44 39 28 49 50 28 50 49 25 50 33 25 28 50 44
25 50 44 28 50 28 39 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4143 3620 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3620 M
(42)
[50 1]X
4267 3620 M
( )
[1]X
792 3734 M
( )
[1]X
792 3849 M
(2)
[1]X
842 3849 M
(-)
[1]X
875 3849 M
(11   )
[50 50 25 25 1]X
1050 3849 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3849 M
(The class diagram of the pelvis model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 25 44 28 44 39 39 25 50 28 44 49 33 44 78 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 50 44 28 50 28 39 25
78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4136 3849 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3849 M
(43)
[50 1]X
4267 3849 M
( )
[1]X
792 3964 M
( )
[1]X
792 4079 M
(2)
[1]X
842 4079 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4079 M
(12  )
[50 50 25 1]X
1025 4079 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4079 M
(The experimental results of pelvis radiographs\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[61 50 44 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 50 44 28 50
28 39 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4147 4079 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4079 M
(45)
[50 1]X
4267 4079 M
( )
[1]X
792 4194 M
( )
[1]X
792 4309 M
(2)
[1]X
842 4309 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4309 M
(13  )
[50 50 25 1]X
1025 4309 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4309 M
(The experimental results of knee radiographs\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[61 50 44 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 50 50 44 44
25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4146 4309 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4309 M
(46)
[50 1]X
4267 4309 M
( )
[1]X
792 4424 M
( )
[1]X
792 4539 M
(2)
[1]X
842 4539 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4539 M
(14  )
[50 50 25 1]X
1025 4539 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4539 M
(The experimental results of ankle radiographs\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 44 50 50 28
44 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4149 4539 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4539 M
(47)
[50 1]X
4267 4539 M
( )
[1]X
792 4654 M
( )
[1]X
792 4769 M
(2)
[1]X
842 4769 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4769 M
(15)
[50 1]X
975 4769 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4769 M
(The experimental results of elbow radiogr)
[61 50 44 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 44 28 50 50
72 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 1]X
2769 4769 M
(aphs\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[44 50 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4152 4769 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4769 M
(48)
[50 1]X
4267 4769 M
( )
[1]X
792 4883 M
( )
[1]X
792 4998 M
(3)
[1]X
842 4998 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4998 M
(1)
[1]X
925 4998 M
( )
[1]X
1117 4998 M
(Initial contour configurations for open and closed contours\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[31 50 28 28 28 44 28 25 44 50 50 28 50 50 33 25 44 50 50 33 28 49 50 33 44 28 28 50 50 39 25 33
50 33 25 50 50 44 50 25 44 50 50 25 44 28 50 39 44 50 25 44 50 50 28 50 50 33 39 100 100 100 100 100
100 25 25 1]X
4138 4998 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4998 M
(60)
[50 1]X
4267 4998 M
( )
[1]X
792 5113 M
(`)
[1]X
824 5113 M
( )
[1]X
792 5228 M
(3)
[1]X
842 5228 M
(-)
[1]X
875 5228 M
(2)
[1]X
925 5228 M
( )
[1]X
1117 5228 M
(The construction of a region model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 25 44 50 50 39 28 33 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 44 25 33 44 49 28 50 50 25 78 50 50
44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4147 5228 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5228 M
(68)
[50 1]X
4267 5228 M
( )
[1]X
792 5343 M
( )
[1]X
792 5458 M
(3)
[1]X
842 5458 M
(-)
[1]X
875 5458 M
(3)
[1]X
925 5458 M
( )
[1]X
1117 5458 M
(The definition of ROI \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[61 50 44 25 50 44 33 28 50 28 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 67 72 31 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4164 5458 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5458 M
(70)
[50 1]X
4267 5458 M
( )
[1]X
792 5573 M
( )
[1]X
792 5688 M
(3)
[1]X
842 5688 M
(-)
[1]X
875 5688 M
(4)
[1]X
925 5688 M
( )
[1]X
1117 5688 M
(The different external forces acting on the snake model)
[61 50 44 25 50 28 33 33 44 33 44 50 28 25 44 51 28 44 33 50 44 28 25 33 50 33 44 44 39 25 44 44
28 28 50 49 25 50 50 25 28 50 44 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 78 50 50 44 1]X
3322 5688 M
( \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4147 5688 M
( )
[1]X
4167 5688 M
(72)
[50 1]X
4267 5688 M
( )
[1]X
792 5803 M
( )
[1]X
showpage
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792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4292 6168 M
(10)
[50 1]X
792 582 M
(3)
[1]X
842 582 M
(-)
[1]X
875 582 M
(5)
[1]X
925 582 M
( )
[1]X
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LATENC
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[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
1117 582 M
(The internal energy model\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[61 50 44 25 28 50 28 44 33 50 44 28 25 44 50 44 33 49 47 25 78 50 50 44 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4144 582 M
( )
[1]X
4167 582 M
(74)
[50 1]X
4267 582 M
( )
[1]X
792 697 M
( )
[1]X
792 812 M
(3)
[1]X
842 812 M
(-)
[1]X
875 812 M
(6)
[1]X
925 812 M
( )
[1]X
1117 812 M
(Level Set formulation of motion\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[59 44 50 44 28 25 56 44 28 25 33 50 33 78 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 78 50 28 28 50 50 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4134 812 M
( )
[1]X
4167 812 M
(78)
[50 1]X
4267 812 M
( )
[1]X
792 927 M
( )
[1]X
792 1042 M
(3)
[1]X
842 1042 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1042 M
(7)
[1]X
925 1042 M
( )
[1]X
1117 1042 M
(The comparisons of different methods working on a synthetic image\205\205\205)
[61 50 44 25 44 50 78 50 44 33 28 39 50 50 39 25 50 33 25 50 28 33 33 44 33 44 50 28 25 78 44 28
50 50 50 39 25 72 50 33 50 28 50 49 25 50 50 25 44 25 39 47 50 28 50 44 28 28 44 25 28 78 44 49
44 100 100 1]X
4144 1042 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1042 M
(81)
[50 1]X
4267 1042 M
( )
[1]X
792 1157 M
( )
[1]X
792 1271 M
(3)
[1]X
842 1271 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1271 M
(8)
[1]X
925 1271 M
( )
[1]X
1117 1271 M
(The experimental result of a DSA image\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 25 50 33 25 44 25 72 56 72
25 28 78 44 49 44 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4161 1271 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1271 M
(83)
[50 1]X
4267 1271 M
( )
[1]X
792 1386 M
( )
[1]X
792 1501 M
(3)
[1]X
842 1501 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1501 M
(9)
[1]X
925 1501 M
( )
[1]X
1117 1501 M
(The e)
[61 50 44 25 1]X
1341 1501 M
(xperimental result of a X)
[51 50 44 33 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 25 50 33 25 44 25 1]X
2340 1501 M
(-)
[1]X
2373 1501 M
(ray teeth image\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[33 44 47 25 28 44 44 28 50 25 28 78 44 49 44 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4159 1501 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1501 M
(83)
[50 1]X
4267 1501 M
( )
[1]X
792 1616 M
( )
[1]X
792 1731 M
(3)
[1]X
842 1731 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1731 M
(10)
[50 1]X
975 1731 M
( )
[1]X
1117 1731 M
(The lung region detection of a chest radiograph\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[61 50 44 25 28 50 50 49 25 33 44 49 28 50 50 25 50 44 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 44 25 44
50 44 39 28 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4157 1731 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1731 M
(83)
[50 1]X
4267 1731 M
( )
[1]X
792 1846 M
( )
[1]X
792 1961 M
(3)
[1]X
842 1961 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1961 M
(11)
[50 1]X
975 1961 M
( )
[1]X
1117 1961 M
(The contour detection of a wrist radiograph\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[61 50 44 25 44 50 50 28 50 50 33 25 50 44 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 44 25 72 33 28 39 28
25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4151 1961 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1961 M
(84)
[50 1]X
4267 1961 M
( )
[1]X
792 2076 M
( )
[1]X
792 2191 M
(3)
[1]X
842 2191 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2191 M
(12     The contour detection of a knee radiograph\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[50 50 25 25 25 25 25 61 50 44 25 44 50 50 28 50 50 33 25 50 44 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25
44 25 50 50 44 44 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4147 2191 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2191 M
(84)
[50 1]X
4267 2191 M
( )
[1]X
792 2306 M
( )
[1]X
792 2420 M
(3)
[1]X
842 2420 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2420 M
(13  )
[50 50 25 1]X
1025 2420 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2420 M
(The contour detection of a ankle radiograph\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[61 50 44 25 44 50 50 28 50 50 33 25 50 44 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 44 25 44 50 50 28 44
25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4142 2420 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2420 M
(84)
[50 1]X
4267 2420 M
( )
[1]X
792 2535 M
( )
[1]X
792 2650 M
(4)
[1]X
842 2650 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2650 M
(1)
[1]X
925 2650 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2650 M
(Sample images from medical image databases\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[56 44 78 50 28 44 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 25 33 33 50 78 25 78 44 50 28 44 44 28 25 28 78 44 49 44
25 50 44 28 44 50 44 39 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4159 2650 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2650 M
(89)
[50 1]X
4267 2650 M
( )
[1]X
792 2765 M
( )
[1]X
792 2880 M
(4)
[1]X
842 2880 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2880 M
(2)
[1]X
925 2880 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2880 M
(Architecture of the classification system\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[72 33 44 50 28 28 44 44 28 50 33 44 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 44 28 44 39 39 28 33 28 44 44 28 28
50 50 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4147 2880 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2880 M
(92)
[50 1]X
4267 2880 M
( )
[1]X
792 2995 M
( )
[1]X
792 3110 M
(4)
[1]X
842 3110 M
(-)
[1]X
875 3110 M
(3)
[1]X
925 3110 M
( )
[1]X
[92 0 0 -92 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
1092 3110 M
(Illustration of )
[29 26 26 46 36 26 31 41 26 26 46 46 23 46 31 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
1620 3110 M
(the histogram of edge directions\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[28 50 44 25 50 28 39 28 50 49 33 44 78 25 50 33 25 44 50 49 44 25 50 28 33 44 44 28 28 50 50 39
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4155 3110 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3110 M
(97)
[50 1]X
4267 3110 M
( )
[1]X
792 3225 M
( )
[1]X
792 3340 M
(4)
[1]X
842 3340 M
(-)
[1]X
875 3340 M
(4)
[1]X
925 3340 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3340 M
(The histogram template and their corresponding images\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 25 50 28 39 28 50 49 33 44 78 25 28 44 78 50 28 44 28 44 25 44 50 50 25 28 50 44 28 33
25 44 50 33 33 44 39 50 50 50 50 28 50 49 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4144 3340 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3340 M
(100)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3340 M
( )
[1]X
792 3455 M
( )
[1]X
792 3569 M
(4)
[1]X
842 3569 M
(-)
[1]X
875 3569 M
(5)
[1]X
925 3569 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3569 M
(Typical shape images from the medical image database and their edge direction )
[61 47 50 28 44 44 28 25 39 50 44 50 44 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 25 33 33 50 78 25 28 50 44 25 78 44
50 28 44 44 28 25 28 78 44 49 44 25 50 44 28 44 50 44 39 44 25 44 50 50 25 28 50 44 28 33 25 44
50 49 44 25 50 28 33 44 44 28 28 50 50 1]X
1092 3684 M
(histograms\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[50 28 39 28 50 49 33 44 78 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 1]X
4155 3684 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3684 M
(101)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3684 M
( )
[1]X
792 3799 M
( )
[1]X
792 3914 M
(4)
[1]X
842 3914 M
(-)
[1]X
875 3914 M
(6)
[1]X
925 3914 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3914 M
(Structure of the proposed neural networks\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[56 28 33 50 44 28 50 33 44 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 50 33 50 50 50 39 44 50 25 50 44 50 33 44 28
25 50 44 28 72 50 33 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4144 3914 M
( )
[1]X
4167 3914 M
(102)
[50 50 1]X
4317 3914 M
( )
[1]X
792 4029 M
( )
[1]X
792 4144 M
(4)
[1]X
842 4144 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4144 M
(7)
[1]X
925 4144 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4144 M
(The)
[61 50 1]X
1247 4144 M
( ankle and leg images\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[25 44 50 50 28 44 25 44 50 50 25 28 44 49 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4160 4144 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4144 M
(104)
[50 50 1]X
4317 4144 M
( )
[1]X
792 4259 M
( )
[1]X
792 4374 M
(4)
[1]X
842 4374 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4374 M
(8)
[1]X
925 4374 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4374 M
(Illustration of matching a knowledge model to an image\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[31 28 28 50 39 28 33 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 78 44 28 44 50 28 50 49 25 44 25 50 50 50 72 28
44 50 49 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 25 28 50 25 44 50 25 28 78 44 49 44 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4154 4374 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4374 M
(106)
[50 50 1]X
4317 4374 M
( )
[1]X
792 4489 M
( )
[1]X
792 4604 M
(4)
[1]X
842 4604 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4604 M
(9)
[1]X
925 4604 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4604 M
(The knowledge models\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 25 50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4148 4604 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4604 M
(113)
[50 50 1]X
4317 4604 M
( )
[1]X
792 4718 M
( )
[1]X
792 4833 M
(4)
[1]X
842 4833 M
(-)
[1]X
875 4833 M
(10)
[50 1]X
975 4833 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4833 M
(The regression analysis of neural networks\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[61 50 44 25 33 44 49 33 44 39 39 28 50 50 25 44 50 44 28 47 39 28 39 25 50 33 25 50 44 50 33 44
28 25 50 44 28 72 50 33 50 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4148 4833 M
( )
[1]X
4167 4833 M
(119)
[50 50 1]X
4317 4833 M
( )
[1]X
792 4948 M
( )
[1]X
792 5063 M
( )
[1]X
792 5178 M
( )
[1]X
showpage
%%Page: 11 11
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13 779 translate 72 600 div dup neg scale
0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4292 6168 M
(11)
[50 1]X
792 582 M
( )
[1]X
792 697 M
( )
[1]X
792 812 M
( )
[1]X
[133 0 0 -133 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1011 M
(List of Tables)
[89 37 52 44 33 67 44 33 89 67 74 37 59 1]X
1569 1011 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 1283 M
( )
[1]X
792 1398 M
( )
[1]X
792 1513 M
( )
[1]X
792 1628 M
(2)
[1]X
842 1628 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1628 M
(1)
[1]X
925 1628 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1628 M
(The)
[61 50 1]X
1247 1628 M
( candidate number and their corresponding confidence level of pelvis )
[25 44 44 50 50 28 50 44 28 44 25 50 50 78 50 44 33 25 44 50 50 25 28 50 44 28 33 25 44 50 33 33
44 39 50 50 50 50 28 50 49 25 44 50 50 33 28 50 44 50 44 44 25 28 44 50 44 28 25 50 33 25 50 44
28 50 28 39 1]X
/IsChar{exch/CharStrings get exch known}bd/MapCh{3 -1 roll/Encoding get 3 1
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/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight
/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M
/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum
/underscore/grave/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft
/bar/braceright/asciitilde/.notdef/euro/.notdef/quotesinglbase/florin
/quotedblbase/ellipsis/dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron
/guilsinglleft/OE/.notdef/Zcaron/.notdef/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright
/quotedblleft/quotedblright/bullet/endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron
/guilsinglright/oe/.notdef/zcaron/Ydieresis/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling
/currency/yen/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft
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/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex
/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute
/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex
/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis
/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute
/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis
/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
LATENC
/_Times-Roman /Times-Roman reencode
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
1092 1743 M
(radiographs  \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 25 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4137 1743 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1743 M
(41)
[50 1]X
4267 1743 M
( )
[1]X
792 1858 M
( )
[1]X
792 1973 M
(4)
[1]X
842 1973 M
(-)
[1]X
875 1973 M
(1)
[1]X
925 1973 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1973 M
(The match performance of different knee images\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205)
[61 50 44 25 78 44 28 44 50 25 50 44 33 33 50 33 78 44 50 44 44 25 50 33 25 50 28 33 33 44 33 44
50 28 25 50 50 44 44 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4140 1973 M
( )
[1]X
4167 1973 M
(114)
[50 50 1]X
4317 1973 M
( )
[1]X
792 2087 M
( )
[1]X
792 2202 M
(4)
[1]X
842 2202 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2202 M
(2)
[1]X
925 2202 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2202 M
(The match performance of different ankle images\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205...)
[61 50 44 25 78 44 28 44 50 25 50 44 33 33 50 33 78 44 50 44 44 25 50 33 25 50 28 33 33 44 33 44
50 28 25 44 50 50 28 44 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 25 1]X
4143 2202 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2202 M
(116)
[50 50 1]X
4317 2202 M
( )
[1]X
792 2317 M
( )
[1]X
792 2432 M
(4)
[1]X
842 2432 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2432 M
(3)
[1]X
925 2432 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2432 M
(The reevaluati)
[61 50 44 25 33 44 44 50 44 28 50 44 28 1]X
1665 2432 M
(on results of ankle images\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[50 50 25 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 44 50 50 28 44 25 28 78 44 49 44 39 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4157 2432 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2432 M
(117)
[50 50 1]X
4317 2432 M
( )
[1]X
792 2547 M
( )
[1]X
792 2662 M
(4)
[1]X
842 2662 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2662 M
(4)
[1]X
925 2662 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2662 M
(The performance of the neural networks \205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205.)
[61 50 44 25 50 44 33 33 50 33 78 44 50 44 44 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 25 50 44 50 33 44 28 25 50 44
28 72 50 33 50 39 25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1]X
4145 2662 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2662 M
(120)
[50 50 1]X
4317 2662 M
( )
[1]X
792 2777 M
( )
[1]X
792 2892 M
(4)
[1]X
842 2892 M
(-)
[1]X
875 2892 M
(5)
[1]X
925 2892 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2892 M
(The performance of detail content classification\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205\205..)
[61 50 44 25 50 44 33 33 50 33 78 44 50 44 44 25 50 33 25 50 44 28 44 28 28 25 44 50 50 28 44 50
28 25 44 28 44 39 39 28 33 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 1]X
4151 2892 M
( )
[1]X
4167 2892 M
(121)
[50 50 1]X
4317 2892 M
( )
[1]X
792 3007 M
( )
[1]X
showpage
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13 779 translate 72 600 div dup neg scale
0 0 transform .25 add round .25 sub exch .25 add round .25 sub exch itransform translate
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4292 6168 M
(12)
[50 1]X
792 582 M
( )
[1]X
792 697 M
( )
[1]X
[167 0 0 -167 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 877 M
( )
[1]X
792 1260 M
( )
[1]X
[200 0 0 -200 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1674 M
(Chapter 1:)
[144 111 100 111 67 89 89 50 100 1]X
1720 1674 M
( )
[1]X
792 2283 M
(Introduction)
[78 111 67 89 100 111 111 89 67 56 100 1]X
1882 2283 M
( )
[1]X
[167 0 0 -167 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 2597 M
( )
[1]X
[150 0 0 -150 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 2964 M
(1.1)
[75 38 1]X
980 2964 M
( )
[1]X
1092 2964 M
(Significance)
[83 42 75 83 42 50 42 67 75 83 67 1]X
1868 2964 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
985 3260 M
(Medical images, at the heart of di)
[89 44 50 28 44 44 28 32 28 78 45 49 44 39 25 33 44 28 32 28 50 44 32 51 44 44 33 28 32 50 33 32
50 1]X
2369 3260 M
(agnosis, therapy treatment, and surgical planning, )
[45 49 50 50 39 28 39 25 32 28 50 44 33 44 51 48 33 28 34 44 44 28 78 44 50 28 25 32 44 50 50 32
39 51 34 49 28 44 44 29 32 50 28 44 50 50 28 50 49 25 1]X
792 3490 M
(have undergone tremendous changes in the past two decades. Today they not only have )
[50 44 50 44 33 50 50 50 44 34 49 50 51 44 33 28 33 44 78 44 50 51 50 50 39 33 44 50 44 50 50 44
39 33 28 50 33 28 50 44 33 50 44 39 28 33 28 72 50 33 50 44 44 44 51 44 39 25 33 61 50 50 46 48
33 28 50 46 47 34 50 50 28 33 50 50 29 47 33 51 44 50 45 1]X
792 3720 M
(various image modalities \( e.g. X)
[50 44 33 28 50 50 39 27 28 78 44 50 44 27 78 50 50 44 28 28 28 28 44 40 27 33 27 44 26 49 25 27
1]X
2132 3720 M
(-)
[1]X
2166 3720 M
(ray Computed Tomography \(CT\), Magnetic Resonance )
[33 46 48 27 67 50 78 50 50 28 44 50 28 61 50 78 50 49 34 44 50 52 48 27 33 67 61 33 25 27 89 45
49 51 44 28 28 44 27 67 44 39 50 50 44 50 45 44 1]X
792 3949 M
(Imaging \(MRI\), Ultrasound \(US\), Positi)
[32 79 45 49 28 50 49 34 33 89 68 32 33 25 33 72 28 28 33 44 39 51 50 50 50 33 33 72 56 33 25 33
56 50 39 28 28 1]X
2430 3949 M
(on Emission Tomography \(PET\), Single Photon )
[50 50 33 61 78 28 38 39 28 50 50 33 61 50 78 50 49 33 44 50 52 48 34 33 56 61 61 33 26 33 56 28
50 49 28 44 33 56 50 50 28 50 50 1]X
792 4179 M
(Emission Computed Tomography \(SPECT\), Digital Subtraction Angiography \(DSA\), and )
[61 78 28 39 39 28 50 50 25 67 50 78 50 50 28 44 50 25 61 49 78 50 49 34 44 50 52 48 25 33 56 56
61 67 61 33 25 25 72 28 50 28 28 44 28 25 56 50 50 28 33 44 44 28 28 50 50 25 72 50 49 28 51 49
34 45 50 51 48 25 34 72 56 72 33 25 25 44 50 51 1]X
792 4409 M
(Computed Radiograph \(CR\), etc.\) but  also can be stored into digital format for further )
[67 50 78 50 50 28 44 50 35 67 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 35 34 67 67 33 25 35 44 28 44 25 33 35
50 50 28 35 35 44 28 39 49 35 44 44 50 35 50 44 35 39 28 50 33 44 50 35 28 50 28 50 35 50 28 49
28 28 44 28 35 33 50 33 78 44 28 35 33 50 33 35 33 50 33 28 50 44 33 1]X
792 4639 M
(processing. The amount of digital medical i)
[50 33 50 44 44 39 39 28 51 49 25 32 61 50 44 32 44 78 50 50 50 28 32 50 33 32 50 28 49 28 28 44
28 32 78 44 50 28 44 44 28 32 1]X
2573 4639 M
(mage data captured per year in U.S. alone is )
[78 44 50 45 32 50 44 28 44 32 44 44 50 28 50 33 44 50 32 50 44 33 34 48 45 44 33 32 29 50 32 72
25 56 25 32 44 28 50 50 44 32 27 38 1]X
792 4869 M
(estimated on the order of petabytes )
[44 39 28 28 78 44 28 44 50 29 50 50 29 28 50 44 29 50 33 51 44 33 29 50 34 29 50 44 28 44 52 48
28 44 39 1]X
/IsChar{exch/CharStrings get exch known}bd/MapCh{3 -1 roll/Encoding get 3 1
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/Lslash/lslash/Zcaron/zcaron/minus/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
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/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quotesingle/parenleft/parenright/asterisk
/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight
/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M
/N/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum
/underscore/grave/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft
/bar/braceright/asciitilde/.notdef/euro/.notdef/quotesinglbase/florin
/quotedblbase/ellipsis/dagger/daggerdbl/circumflex/perthousand/Scaron
/guilsinglleft/OE/.notdef/Zcaron/.notdef/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright
/quotedblleft/quotedblright/bullet/endash/emdash/tilde/trademark/scaron
/guilsinglright/oe/.notdef/zcaron/Ydieresis/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling
/currency/yen/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft
/logicalnot/hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior
/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine
/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute
/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex
/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute
/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex
/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis
/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute
/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis
/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
LATENC
/_Times-Roman /Times-Roman reencode
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
2243 4869 M
(\226)
[1]X
2293 4869 M
(10)
[50 1]X
[67 0 0 -67 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
2393 4823 M
(15)
[34 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/_Times-Roman MF
2461 4869 M
( bytes )
[29 51 48 28 44 39 1]X
2729 4869 M
(\226)
[1]X
2779 4869 M
(and increases rapidly every year [Wong )
[45 50 50 29 28 50 44 33 44 44 40 44 39 29 33 44 50 28 50 30 48 30 44 50 44 34 48 31 49 45 44 33
29 34 95 50 51 50 1]X
792 5098 M
(97].)
[50 50 34 1]X
951 5098 M
( )
[1]X
942 5328 M
(The related study of medical images is shifting from generation and acquisition of )
[61 50 44 39 33 44 28 44 29 44 50 39 39 28 50 51 48 39 50 33 39 79 45 50 28 44 44 28 39 28 78 44
50 44 39 39 28 39 39 39 50 28 33 28 28 50 49 40 33 33 50 78 39 50 44 50 44 34 44 28 28 50 50 39
44 50 50 39 45 44 51 50 28 39 28 28 28 50 50 39 49 32 1]X
792 5558 M
(images to post)
[28 78 44 49 44 39 28 28 50 28 50 50 39 1]X
1375 5558 M
(-)
[1]X
1408 5558 M
(processing and manag)
[51 33 50 44 44 39 39 28 51 49 29 44 50 50 28 78 44 50 45 1]X
2304 5558 M
(ement of medical images, using multimedia clinical )
[44 78 44 50 28 28 50 33 28 78 45 50 28 44 44 28 28 28 78 45 49 44 39 25 28 50 39 28 51 49 28 78
50 28 28 28 78 44 50 28 44 28 44 28 28 50 28 44 44 29 1]X
792 5788 M
(information and computer)
[28 50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 50 29 44 50 50 29 44 50 78 50 50 28 44 1]X
1843 5788 M
(-)
[1]X
1876 5788 M
(assisted diagnosis. Among most current research topics in this )
[44 39 39 28 39 28 44 50 29 50 28 45 49 50 50 39 28 39 25 29 72 78 50 50 49 29 78 50 39 28 29 44
50 33 33 44 50 28 29 33 44 40 44 44 34 45 50 29 28 50 50 28 44 39 29 28 50 28 28 50 28 38 1]X
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792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4292 6168 M
(13)
[50 1]X
792 582 M
(field, archiving and managing huge volumes of medical images have become more and )
[33 28 44 28 50 25 34 44 34 44 50 28 50 28 50 49 35 44 50 50 34 78 44 51 44 49 28 51 49 34 50 51
50 44 34 50 50 28 50 78 44 39 34 50 33 35 78 44 50 28 44 44 28 34 28 78 45 49 44 39 34 51 44 50
44 34 50 45 44 50 78 44 34 78 50 33 44 35 44 50 51 1]X
792 812 M
(more important, because it is core )
[78 50 33 44 34 28 78 50 50 33 28 44 50 28 25 34 51 44 44 44 50 40 45 34 28 28 34 28 39 34 44 50
34 44 1]X
2228 812 M
(in health care information technique which is one of )
[28 50 34 51 44 44 28 28 50 34 45 44 33 45 34 28 50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 50 34 28 45 44 50 50
28 50 50 44 35 72 50 28 44 50 34 28 39 34 50 50 45 34 50 34 1]X
792 1042 M
(the fast growing segments of the health care market. In particular, the Internet is enabling )
[28 50 44 27 33 44 39 28 27 49 33 50 72 28 51 49 27 39 45 49 78 44 50 29 39 27 50 33 27 28 50 44
27 50 44 44 28 28 50 27 44 44 33 44 27 78 44 33 51 44 28 25 28 31 50 27 50 45 33 28 28 44 50 28
44 33 25 27 28 50 44 28 32 50 28 44 34 50 44 28 27 28 39 27 44 50 44 50 28 28 50 50 1]X
792 1271 M
(better communication and collaboration between patients and doctors, which will result )
[50 44 28 28 44 33 35 44 50 78 78 50 50 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 35 44 51 50 35 44 50 28 28 44 50 50
33 44 28 28 50 50 35 50 44 28 72 45 44 50 35 50 44 28 28 44 50 28 39 35 44 50 50 35 50 50 44 28
50 33 39 25 35 72 50 28 44 50 35 72 28 28 28 35 33 44 39 50 28 28 1]X
792 1501 M
(in the significant impr)
[28 50 25 28 50 44 25 39 28 49 50 28 33 28 44 44 50 28 25 28 78 50 1]X
1677 1501 M
(ovement of healthcare as well as the reduction of costs. )
[50 50 44 78 44 50 28 25 50 33 25 50 44 44 28 28 50 44 44 33 44 25 44 39 25 72 44 28 28 25 44 39
25 28 50 44 25 33 44 50 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 44 50 39 28 39 25 1]X
3908 1501 M
( )
[1]X
942 1731 M
(The direct benefits of medical information management system includes:)
[61 50 44 25 50 28 33 44 44 28 25 50 44 50 44 33 28 28 39 25 50 33 25 78 44 50 28 44 44 28 25 28
50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 50 25 78 44 50 44 49 44 78 44 50 28 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 25 28 50 44
28 50 50 44 39 1]X
3856 1731 M
( )
[1]X
%%IncludeFont: Symbol
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Symbol MF
942 1969 M
(\267)
[1]X
988 1969 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
1092 1969 M
(Post)
[56 50 39 1]X
1265 1969 M
(-)
[1]X
1298 1969 M
(processing)
[50 33 50 44 44 39 39 28 50 1]X
1724 1969 M
( )
[1]X
1285 2198 M
(As a part of medical information management system, medical image )
[72 39 61 44 61 50 44 33 28 61 51 33 61 78 44 50 28 44 44 28 62 28 50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 50
61 78 44 50 45 49 44 79 44 51 28 61 40 48 39 28 44 78 25 61 78 44 50 28 45 44 28 61 28 78 44 49
45 1]X
1092 2428 M
(classification plays an important role in aut)
[44 28 44 39 39 28 33 28 44 44 28 28 50 50 26 50 28 46 48 39 27 44 50 26 28 79 50 50 33 28 44 50
28 26 33 50 28 44 26 28 50 27 44 50 1]X
2827 2428 M
(omatically, intelligently and efficiently )
[50 78 44 28 28 45 44 28 29 48 25 26 28 50 28 44 28 28 29 49 44 50 28 30 48 26 44 50 51 26 44 34
33 28 44 28 44 50 28 29 49 1]X
1092 2657 M
(post processing images before presenting them to the human user. For example, )
[50 50 39 28 35 50 33 50 44 44 39 39 28 50 49 35 28 78 45 50 44 39 35 50 44 33 50 33 44 35 51 33
44 39 44 50 28 28 51 49 35 28 50 44 78 35 29 50 35 28 50 44 35 50 50 78 44 50 35 50 39 44 33 25
35 55 51 33 35 45 51 44 78 50 28 44 24 1]X
1092 2887 M
(through retrieving and comparing the similar images from medical image )
[28 50 33 50 50 49 51 65 33 44 28 33 29 44 50 28 50 50 65 44 50 51 65 44 50 78 50 44 33 28 51 50
65 28 50 44 65 39 28 78 28 28 45 33 65 28 78 45 49 44 40 65 33 33 50 78 65 79 44 50 28 44 45 28
65 28 78 44 50 45 1]X
1092 3117 M
(databases, the system enable to automatically set the processed i)
[50 44 28 44 50 44 39 44 39 25 45 28 50 44 45 41 48 39 28 44 78 45 45 50 44 50 28 44 45 28 50 45
44 50 28 50 78 44 28 28 44 44 28 29 48 45 40 44 28 45 28 50 44 45 50 33 50 44 44 39 39 44 50 45
1]X
3841 3117 M
(mage display )
[78 45 49 44 46 50 28 39 50 28 45 49 1]X
1092 3347 M
(parameters, determine the post)
[50 44 33 44 78 44 29 44 33 39 25 45 50 44 28 44 33 78 28 50 44 45 29 50 44 45 50 50 39 1]X
2379 3347 M
(-)
[1]X
2412 3347 M
(processing filters, and set corresponding image )
[50 33 50 44 44 39 39 28 51 49 45 33 28 28 28 44 34 39 25 45 44 50 50 45 39 44 28 45 44 50 33 33
44 39 50 50 50 50 28 50 49 45 28 78 45 49 44 1]X
1092 3577 M
(acquisition parameters.  )
[44 44 50 50 28 39 28 28 28 50 50 25 50 44 33 44 78 44 28 44 33 39 25 25 1]X
2068 3577 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Symbol MF
942 3814 M
(\267)
[1]X
988 3814 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
1092 3814 M
(Aiding in diagnosis)
[72 28 50 28 50 49 25 28 50 25 50 28 44 49 50 50 39 28 1]X
1874 3814 M
( )
[1]X
1285 4043 M
(With the help of medical information management system, we can easily )
[95 28 28 50 44 28 50 44 44 50 44 28 50 44 50 33 44 78 44 50 28 44 44 28 44 28 50 33 50 33 78 44
28 28 50 50 44 78 44 50 45 49 44 79 44 50 28 44 40 48 39 28 44 78 25 44 72 44 45 44 44 50 44 45
44 39 28 29 48 1]X
1092 4273 M
(retrieve related patient studies from the databa)
[33 44 28 33 28 44 50 44 47 34 44 28 44 28 44 50 47 50 44 28 28 44 50 28 48 39 28 50 50 28 44 39
47 33 33 50 78 47 28 50 44 47 50 44 28 44 50 1]X
3078 4273 M
(ses for comparative evaluation, )
[39 44 39 47 33 50 33 47 44 50 78 50 44 34 44 28 28 50 44 47 44 50 45 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 24 1]X
1092 4503 M
(validation of diagnosis, and judgment of effectiveness of therapy.)
[50 44 28 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 50 28 44 49 50 50 39 28 39 25 25 44 50 50 25 28 50 50
49 78 44 50 28 25 50 33 25 44 33 33 44 44 28 28 50 44 50 44 39 39 25 50 33 25 28 50 44 33 44 50
47 1]X
3705 4503 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Symbol MF
942 4741 M
(\267)
[1]X
988 4741 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
1092 4741 M
(Teaching and training tools)
[61 44 44 44 50 28 50 49 25 44 50 50 25 28 33 44 28 50 28 50 49 25 28 50 50 28 1]X
2186 4741 M
( )
[1]X
1285 4970 M
(Continuous education and self)
[67 50 50 28 28 50 50 50 50 39 45 44 50 50 44 44 28 28 50 50 45 44 50 50 45 39 44 28 1]X
2558 4970 M
(-)
[1]X
2591 4970 M
(assessment are very important in medicine )
[44 39 39 44 39 39 78 44 50 28 45 44 34 44 45 50 44 35 47 45 28 78 50 50 33 29 44 50 28 45 28 50
45 78 44 50 28 44 28 50 44 1]X
1092 5200 M
(domain. Online availability of medical databases opens ne)
[50 50 78 44 28 50 25 38 72 50 28 28 50 44 38 44 50 44 28 28 44 50 28 29 28 29 48 38 50 33 38 78
44 50 29 44 44 28 38 50 44 28 44 51 44 39 44 40 38 50 50 44 50 39 38 50 1]X
3516 5200 M
(w avenues for aiding )
[72 39 44 50 44 50 50 44 40 38 33 50 34 38 44 28 50 28 50 50 1]X
1092 5429 M
(diagnosis, training and teaching. Medical information management forms an )
[50 28 44 49 50 50 39 28 39 25 55 28 33 44 28 50 28 51 49 55 44 50 50 56 28 44 44 44 50 28 51 49
25 55 89 44 50 28 45 44 28 55 28 50 33 50 34 78 44 28 28 50 50 55 78 44 50 44 50 44 78 44 50 28
55 33 50 34 78 39 55 44 50 1]X
1092 5659 M
(important part of implementing flexible teaching tools)
[28 78 50 50 33 28 44 50 28 25 50 44 33 28 25 50 33 25 28 78 50 28 44 78 44 50 28 28 50 49 25 33
28 44 51 28 50 28 44 25 28 44 44 44 50 28 50 49 25 28 50 50 28 1]X
3262 5659 M
( )
[1]X
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792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4292 6168 M
(14)
[50 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Symbol MF
942 590 M
(\267)
[1]X
988 590 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
1092 590 M
(Telemedicine)
[61 44 28 44 78 44 50 28 44 28 50 1]X
1635 590 M
( )
[1]X
942 819 M
(Medical information management plays a key role in building easy)
[89 44 50 28 44 44 28 80 28 50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 50 80 78 44 50 45 49 44 78 44 50 28 80 50
28 46 48 39 80 44 81 50 45 48 80 33 50 29 44 80 28 50 80 50 50 28 28 50 28 50 49 80 44 44 40 1]X
4113 819 M
(-)
[1]X
4147 819 M
(to)
[28 1]X
4225 819 M
(-)
[1]X
4258 819 M
(use )
[50 39 45 1]X
792 1049 M
(telemedicine system, )
[28 44 28 44 78 44 50 28 44 28 50 44 25 39 47 39 28 44 78 25 1]X
1652 1049 M
(by which physicians in small clinics or remote sites )
[50 47 25 72 50 28 44 50 25 50 50 47 39 28 44 28 44 50 39 25 28 50 25 39 78 44 28 28 25 44 28 28
50 28 44 39 25 50 33 25 33 44 78 50 28 44 25 39 28 28 44 39 1]X
3731 1049 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1279 M
(can benefit from accessing databases in expert hospitals.)
[44 44 50 25 50 44 50 44 33 28 28 25 33 33 50 78 25 44 44 44 44 39 39 28 50 49 25 50 44 28 44 50
44 39 44 39 25 28 50 25 44 51 50 44 33 28 25 50 50 39 50 28 28 44 28 39 1]X
3348 1279 M
( )
[1]X
792 1508 M
( )
[1]X
[150 0 0 -150 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1787 M
(1.2)
[75 38 1]X
980 1787 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1787 M
(Research Scope and Goal)
[108 67 58 67 75 67 67 83 38 83 67 75 83 67 38 75 83 83 38 117 75 75 1]X
2723 1787 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
985 2083 M
(The goal of this research is to provide a systematic framework to automatically )
[61 50 44 46 49 50 44 28 45 50 33 45 28 50 28 39 45 34 44 39 44 45 33 45 50 45 28 39 45 28 50 45
50 33 50 50 28 50 44 45 44 45 41 48 39 28 45 78 44 28 28 44 45 33 33 44 79 44 72 50 33 50 45 28
50 46 44 50 28 50 78 44 28 28 44 44 28 29 49 1]X
792 2313 M
(analyze and classify medical images. Du)
[44 50 44 30 47 45 44 30 44 50 50 29 44 28 44 39 39 28 35 47 29 79 44 51 28 44 44 28 29 28 78 44
50 44 39 25 29 72 1]X
2438 2313 M
(e to the limitation of image sources, the medical )
[44 29 28 50 29 28 50 44 29 28 27 78 28 28 44 28 28 50 50 29 50 33 29 28 78 44 49 44 29 39 50 50
33 44 45 39 25 29 28 50 44 29 78 44 50 28 44 44 28 1]X
792 2543 M
(image database used in this research only contains radiographs. However, the designed )
[28 78 44 49 44 36 51 44 28 44 50 44 40 44 36 50 39 44 50 36 28 50 36 28 50 28 39 36 33 44 39 44
44 34 44 50 36 50 50 30 47 37 44 50 50 28 44 29 50 39 36 33 44 50 28 50 50 33 44 50 50 39 25 36
72 50 73 44 50 45 33 25 36 28 50 44 36 50 44 39 28 49 51 44 51 1]X
792 2772 M
(framework is not constrained to radiographs, it enables to be extended to other image )
[33 33 44 78 44 72 51 33 50 40 28 39 40 50 50 28 40 44 50 50 39 28 32 44 28 50 44 50 40 28 50 40
33 44 50 28 50 49 34 44 50 50 39 25 40 28 28 39 44 50 44 50 28 44 39 40 28 50 40 50 44 40 44 51
28 44 50 50 44 50 40 27 50 40 50 28 50 44 33 40 28 78 44 50 45 1]X
792 3002 M
(modalities.)
[78 50 50 44 28 28 28 28 44 39 1]X
1234 3002 M
( )
[1]X
985 3232 M
( )
[1]X
1092 3232 M
(To accomplish the goa)
[61 50 65 44 45 44 50 78 50 28 28 39 50 65 28 50 44 66 49 51 1]X
2121 3232 M
(l, the knowledge of the relevant local anatomy is )
[28 25 65 28 50 44 65 50 50 51 72 28 44 51 49 45 65 50 33 66 28 50 44 65 33 44 29 44 50 44 50 28
65 28 50 45 44 28 66 44 50 44 29 50 79 48 65 28 40 1]X
792 3462 M
(commonly introduced into image analysis. In the field of artificial intelligence and )
[44 50 78 78 50 50 29 48 52 28 50 28 33 50 50 50 45 44 50 52 29 50 28 50 52 28 78 44 50 44 52 44
51 44 29 48 39 28 39 25 54 32 50 53 28 50 44 52 33 28 44 28 50 52 50 34 52 44 33 28 28 33 29 44
28 44 28 52 28 51 28 44 28 28 28 49 44 50 45 44 53 44 50 50 1]X
792 3692 M
(knowledge)
[50 50 50 72 28 44 50 50 1]X
1230 3692 M
(-)
[1]X
1263 3692 M
(based computer vision, the choice of knowledge representation is very )
[51 44 39 44 50 60 44 50 78 51 50 28 44 33 60 50 28 39 28 50 50 25 60 28 50 44 60 44 50 50 28 44
44 60 50 33 60 50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 60 34 44 50 34 44 39 45 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 60 28 39
60 50 44 34 48 1]X
792 3921 M
(important to ensure good solutions, but i)
[28 78 50 50 33 28 44 50 28 36 28 50 36 44 50 39 50 33 44 36 49 50 50 50 36 39 50 28 50 28 28 50
50 39 24 36 50 50 28 36 1]X
2475 3921 M
(t is still a major open issue. Thus one specific )
[28 36 28 38 36 39 28 27 28 27 36 44 36 78 44 28 50 33 36 50 50 44 50 36 28 39 39 50 44 25 36 61
49 50 39 36 50 50 44 36 39 50 44 44 28 33 28 45 1]X
792 4151 M
(aim in our study is to propose an efficient and effective way to represent anatomical )
[44 28 78 42 28 50 42 50 50 33 42 39 28 50 51 48 42 28 39 42 28 50 43 50 33 50 50 50 39 44 42 44
50 43 44 33 33 28 44 29 44 50 28 42 44 50 51 42 44 33 34 44 44 28 28 50 44 42 73 46 48 42 28 50
42 33 44 51 33 44 40 44 50 28 42 44 50 44 28 50 78 28 44 44 29 1]X
792 4381 M
(knowledge and then combine it with image process routines to classify radiographs.)
[50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 25 44 50 50 25 28 50 44 50 25 44 50 78 50 28 50 44 25 28 28 25 72 28
28 50 25 28 78 44 49 44 25 50 33 50 44 44 39 39 25 33 50 50 28 28 50 44 39 25 28 50 25 44 28 44
39 39 28 33 47 25 33 44 50 28 50 49 33 44 50 50 39 1]X
4137 4381 M
( )
[1]X
792 4611 M
( )
[1]X
942 4611 M
(Due to the poor quality of radiograph)
[72 50 44 29 28 50 29 28 50 44 29 50 50 50 33 29 50 50 44 28 28 29 47 29 51 33 29 33 44 50 28 51
49 33 44 50 1]X
2457 4611 M
(s and the large variability of anatomy structures )
[39 29 44 50 50 29 28 50 44 29 28 44 34 49 44 29 50 45 33 28 44 50 28 28 28 29 48 29 50 33 29 44
51 44 28 50 79 49 29 39 28 33 50 44 28 50 33 44 40 1]X
792 4841 M
(of the human body, Using a single low)
[50 33 39 28 50 44 39 50 50 78 44 50 39 50 50 52 48 25 40 72 39 28 50 49 40 44 39 39 28 50 49 29
44 39 28 50 1]X
2440 4841 M
(-)
[1]X
2473 4841 M
(level image segmentation technique is hard to )
[28 44 51 44 28 39 28 78 44 50 44 39 39 45 49 78 44 50 29 44 28 28 50 50 39 28 44 44 50 50 29 50
50 44 39 28 39 39 50 44 33 50 39 28 51 1]X
792 5071 M
(generate the satisfied results. So it is quite reasonable and necessary to take advantage of )
[49 44 51 44 33 44 29 44 28 28 50 45 28 39 44 28 28 39 33 28 44 50 29 33 44 40 50 28 28 39 25 28
56 50 28 28 28 28 28 39 28 50 50 28 28 44 28 33 45 44 39 50 51 44 50 28 44 28 44 50 51 28 50 45
44 44 39 39 45 35 48 28 28 50 28 28 44 51 44 28 44 50 51 44 50 28 45 49 45 28 50 34 1]X
792 5301 M
(all useful information obtain)
[44 28 28 89 50 39 44 33 50 28 89 28 50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 51 89 50 50 28 44 28 1]X
2126 5301 M
(ed from different techniques. However, different )
[44 50 89 33 33 50 78 89 50 28 33 34 45 33 44 50 28 89 28 44 44 50 50 28 50 50 44 39 25 89 72 51
73 44 50 44 33 25 89 50 28 34 33 44 34 44 50 27 1]X
792 5531 M
(segmentation techniques will generate different results. In such a situation, the priori )
[39 44 49 78 44 50 29 44 28 28 50 50 45 28 44 44 50 50 28 50 50 44 39 45 72 28 28 28 45 49 44 50
44 33 44 28 44 45 50 28 33 34 44 33 44 50 28 46 33 44 39 50 28 28 39 25 46 31 50 45 39 50 44 50
45 44 45 39 28 28 50 44 28 28 50 50 25 45 28 50 44 45 50 33 28 50 33 27 1]X
792 5761 M
(knowledge will be useful to resolve the differences between various techniques. So, as )
[50 50 50 72 28 44 50 50 44 37 72 28 28 28 37 50 44 37 50 39 44 33 50 28 37 28 50 37 33 44 39 50
28 50 44 37 28 50 44 37 50 28 33 33 44 33 44 51 44 44 39 37 50 44 28 72 45 44 50 37 50 44 33 28
50 50 39 37 28 44 45 50 50 28 50 50 44 39 25 37 56 50 25 37 44 38 1]X
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792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4292 6168 M
(15)
[50 1]X
792 582 M
(another specific aim, we design)
[44 50 50 28 50 44 33 33 39 50 44 44 28 33 29 44 33 44 28 78 25 33 72 45 33 50 44 39 28 49 1]X
2086 582 M
( a new image segmentation method which benefits from )
[33 44 33 50 44 72 33 28 78 45 49 44 33 39 45 50 78 44 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 33 78 44 28 50 50 50
33 72 50 28 44 50 33 50 44 50 44 33 28 28 39 33 33 33 50 78 1]X
792 812 M
(the rich information provided by both image data and the priori knowledge.)
[28 50 44 25 33 28 44 50 25 28 50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 50 50 28 50 44 50 25 50 47
25 50 50 28 50 25 28 78 44 49 44 25 50 44 28 44 25 44 50 50 25 28 50 44 25 50 33 28 50 33 28 25
50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 1]X
3805 812 M
( )
[1]X
792 1042 M
( )
[1]X
[150 0 0 -150 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 1321 M
(1.3)
[75 38 1]X
980 1321 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1321 M
(Contribution )
[108 75 83 50 67 42 83 83 50 42 75 83 1]X
1971 1321 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 1617 M
(We view the contribution of this research in the following areas:)
[95 44 25 50 28 44 72 25 28 50 44 25 44 50 50 28 33 28 50 50 28 28 50 50 25 50 33 25 28 50 28 39
25 33 44 39 44 44 33 44 50 25 28 50 25 28 50 44 25 33 50 28 28 50 72 28 50 49 25 44 33 44 44 39
1]X
3365 1617 M
( )
[1]X
942 1846 M
(1\))
[50 1]X
1025 1846 M
( )
[1]X
1092 1846 M
(Computer Vision and Image Processing:)
[67 50 78 50 50 28 44 33 25 72 28 39 28 50 50 25 44 50 50 25 31 78 44 49 44 25 56 33 50 44 44 39
39 28 50 49 1]X
2709 1846 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Symbol MF
792 2084 M
(\267)
[1]X
838 2084 M
( )
[1]X
%%IncludeFont: Times-Italic
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Italic MF
942 2084 M
(Proposing)
[61 39 50 50 50 39 28 50 1]X
1359 2084 M
( a new object)
[33 50 33 50 44 67 33 50 50 28 44 44 1]X
1913 2084 M
(-)
[1]X
1946 2084 M
(oriented knowledge model for image analysis:)
[50 39 28 44 50 28 44 50 33 44 50 50 67 28 44 50 50 44 33 72 50 51 44 28 33 28 50 39 33 28 72 50
50 44 33 50 50 50 28 44 39 28 39 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
3838 2084 M
( the proposed )
[33 28 50 44 33 50 33 50 50 50 39 44 50 1]X
942 2313 M
(knowledge model provides a framework for abstracting the complex image properties )
[50 50 50 72 28 44 50 50 44 27 78 50 50 44 28 27 50 33 50 50 28 50 44 39 27 44 27 33 33 44 78 45
72 50 33 50 27 33 50 33 27 44 50 39 28 34 44 44 28 28 50 49 27 28 50 44 28 44 50 78 50 28 44 51
27 28 78 44 49 44 27 50 33 50 50 44 33 28 28 45 40 1]X
942 2543 M
(at different levels and coping them with the corresponding vision operations in )
[44 28 52 50 28 33 33 44 34 44 50 28 52 28 44 50 44 28 39 52 44 50 50 53 44 50 50 28 50 49 52 28
50 44 78 53 72 28 28 50 52 28 50 44 52 44 50 33 33 44 39 50 50 50 50 28 51 49 52 50 28 39 28 50
50 52 50 51 44 33 44 28 28 50 50 39 52 28 51 1]X
942 2773 M
(complex image analysis)
[44 50 78 50 28 44 51 25 28 78 44 49 44 25 44 50 44 28 47 39 28 1]X
1899 2773 M
( based on the object)
[25 50 44 39 44 50 25 50 50 25 28 50 44 25 50 50 28 44 44 1]X
2692 2773 M
(-)
[1]X
2725 2773 M
(oriented idea.)
[50 33 28 44 50 28 44 50 25 28 50 44 44 1]X
3268 2773 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Symbol MF
792 3011 M
(\267)
[1]X
838 3011 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Italic MF
942 3011 M
(Reformulating snake models: )
[61 44 28 50 39 72 50 28 50 28 28 50 50 63 39 50 50 44 44 64 73 50 50 44 28 39 33 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
2254 3011 M
(Aim to overcome the problems suffered by the )
[72 28 78 63 28 50 63 50 51 44 33 44 51 78 44 63 28 50 44 63 50 33 50 50 29 44 78 39 63 39 50 33
34 45 33 44 50 63 52 48 63 28 51 44 1]X
942 3240 M
(traditional snake model, the new model demonstrates robust ability in dealing with )
[28 33 44 50 28 28 28 50 50 44 28 38 39 50 44 50 44 38 78 50 50 44 28 25 38 28 50 44 38 50 44 72
38 78 50 50 44 28 38 50 44 78 50 50 39 28 33 44 28 44 39 38 33 50 50 50 39 28 38 44 50 28 28 28
29 47 38 28 50 38 51 44 44 28 28 50 49 38 72 28 28 50 1]X
942 3469 M
(the ambiguity in images by introducing a region model which comb)
[28 50 44 38 44 78 50 28 49 50 28 30 48 38 28 50 38 28 78 45 49 44 40 38 51 48 38 28 50 28 33 50
50 50 44 28 51 49 39 44 38 33 45 49 28 50 51 38 78 50 50 44 28 38 72 50 28 44 50 38 44 50 78 1]X
3788 3469 M
(ines both edge )
[28 50 44 40 38 50 50 28 50 38 44 50 50 44 1]X
942 3699 M
(and region information into segmentation.)
[44 50 50 25 33 44 49 28 50 50 25 28 50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 50 25 28 50 28 50 25 39 44 49 78
44 50 28 44 28 28 50 50 1]X
2625 3699 M
( )
[1]X
792 3929 M
( )
[1]X
942 4159 M
(2\))
[50 1]X
1025 4159 M
( )
[1]X
1092 4159 M
(Medical Imaging:)
[89 44 50 28 44 44 28 25 31 78 44 49 28 50 49 1]X
1801 4159 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Symbol MF
792 4397 M
(\267)
[1]X
838 4397 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Italic MF
942 4397 M
(Designing the architecture of medical image classification system:)
[72 44 39 28 50 50 28 50 50 56 28 50 44 56 50 39 44 50 28 28 45 44 28 50 39 44 56 50 28 56 72 44
50 28 44 50 28 56 28 72 50 51 44 57 44 28 50 39 39 28 28 28 44 50 28 28 50 50 56 39 44 39 28 44
72 1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
3829 4397 M
( To simulate )
[56 62 50 56 39 28 78 50 28 44 28 44 1]X
942 4626 M
(human perception behavior, the proposed system is designed as a two)
[50 50 78 44 50 68 50 44 33 44 44 50 28 28 50 50 68 50 44 50 45 50 28 50 33 25 68 28 50 44 68 50
33 50 50 50 39 44 50 68 40 47 40 28 44 78 68 28 39 68 50 44 39 28 49 50 44 50 68 44 39 68 44 68
28 72 1]X
4153 4626 M
(-)
[1]X
4186 4626 M
(stage )
[39 28 44 50 45 1]X
942 4855 M
(hierarchical structure. It f)
[50 28 44 33 44 34 44 50 28 44 44 28 26 39 28 33 51 44 28 50 33 44 26 27 32 28 27 1]X
1963 4855 M
(irst focuses on the coarse shape outline of the main object in )
[28 33 39 28 26 33 50 44 50 39 44 40 26 50 50 26 28 50 45 26 44 51 44 33 39 45 26 39 50 44 50 45
26 50 50 28 28 28 50 44 26 50 34 26 28 50 44 26 78 44 29 50 26 50 50 28 44 44 28 26 28 51 1]X
942 5085 M
(an image, then goes into the detail information of contents. The whole procedure )
[44 50 43 28 78 45 49 44 25 43 28 50 44 50 44 49 51 44 39 43 28 50 28 50 43 28 50 44 43 50 44 28
44 28 28 43 28 50 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 51 43 50 33 43 44 50 50 28 44 50 28 39 25 43 61 50 45
43 72 50 50 28 45 43 50 33 50 44 44 50 51 33 45 1]X
942 5315 M
(combines both image information and anatomical knowledge by using an object)
[44 50 78 50 28 50 44 39 46 50 50 28 50 46 28 78 44 50 44 46 28 51 33 50 33 78 44 28 28 50 50 46
44 50 50 47 44 50 44 28 50 78 28 45 44 28 46 50 50 50 72 28 44 51 49 44 46 52 48 47 50 39 28 50
49 47 44 50 46 50 50 28 44 44 1]X
4358 5315 M
(-)
[1]X
942 5545 M
(oriented knowledge model.)
[50 33 28 44 50 28 44 50 25 50 50 50 72 28 44 50 49 44 25 78 50 50 44 28 1]X
2031 5545 M
( )
[1]X
792 5775 M
( )
[1]X
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[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 6167 M
( )
[1]X
4292 6168 M
(16)
[50 1]X
[150 0 0 -150 0 0]/Times-Bold MF
792 631 M
(1.4)
[75 38 1]X
980 631 M
( )
[1]X
1092 631 M
(Organizat)
[117 67 75 75 83 42 65 75 1]X
1741 631 M
(ion of the thesis)
[42 75 83 38 75 50 38 50 83 67 38 50 83 67 58 42 1]X
2738 631 M
( )
[1]X
[100 0 0 -100 0 0]/Times-Roman MF
792 927 M
(We organize this thesis as follows:)
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72 39 1]X
2183 927 M
( )
[1]X
942 1156 M
(Chapter 2 proposes )
[67 50 44 50 28 44 33 31 50 31 50 33 50 50 50 39 44 39 1]X
1757 1156 M
(a knowledge model for medical image content analysis based on )
[44 31 50 51 50 72 28 44 50 50 44 31 78 50 50 44 28 31 33 51 33 31 78 44 50 29 44 44 28 31 28 78
45 49 44 32 44 50 50 28 44 50 28 31 44 50 44 30 48 40 28 39 31 50 44 39 44 50 31 50 50 1]X
792 1386 M
(the object)
[28 50 44 26 50 50 28 44 44 1]X
1184 1386 M
(-)
[1]X
1217 1386 M
(oriented paradigm. The new model abstracts common properties from different )
[50 33 28 44 50 29 44 50 26 50 44 34 44 51 28 49 78 25 26 61 50 44 26 50 45 72 26 78 50 50 44 28
26 44 50 39 29 33 44 44 28 39 26 44 50 78 78 50 50 26 50 33 50 50 45 33 28 28 44 39 27 33 33 50
78 26 50 28 33 33 44 34 44 50 27 1]X
792 1616 M
(types of medical images by using t)
[29 48 50 44 39 32 50 33 32 78 44 50 29