Representing English Sentences in FOL

This document uses "pretend-it's-English" semantics, for convenience only :-)

English	FOL
Mark Twain is wise	Wise(mt)
Mark Twain is Samuel Clemens	mt = sc
All dogs are animals	x[Dog(x) Animal(x)]
Some dogs are pets.	x[Dog(x) ^ Pet(x)]
No dogs are fish.	¬x[Dog(x) ^ Fish(x)]
All dogs are not fish.	x[Dog(x) ¬Fish(x)]
Some dogs are not pets.	x[Dog(x) ^ ¬Pet(x)]
No dogs are not mammals.	¬x[Dog(x) ^ ¬Mammal(x)]
Not all dogs are pets.	¬x[Dog(x) Pet(x)]
All that glitters is not gold.	¬x[Glitters(x) Gold(x)] (!)
Every boy loves a girl.	x[Boy(x) y[Girl(y) ^ Loves(x,y)]]
(There is) A girl (who) is loved by every boy.	y[Girl(y) ^ x[Boy(x) Loves(x,y)]]
Everyone loves someone.	xy.Loves(x,y)
Someone is loved by everyone.	yx.Loves(x,y)
There is exactly one P.	x[P(x) ^ y[P(y) y=x]]
There are exactly two P's.	ANSWER
The present King of France is bald.	x[is_a_present_king_of_France(x) ^ y[is_a_present_king_of_France(y) y=x] ^ Bald(x)]
The present King of France is not bald.	x[is_a_present_king_of_France(x) ^ y[is_a_present_king_of_France(y) y=x] ^ ¬Bald(x)]
The present King of France is not bald.	¬x[is_a_present_king_of_France(x) ^ y[is_a_present_king_of_France(y) y=x] ^ Bald(x)]
John goes to school.	Goes(john, school) (?)
John goes to school.	Goes(john-3, school-173) (?)
John goes to school.	x[Named(x, "John") ^ y[School(y) ^ Goes(x,y)]] or xy[Named(x, "John") ^ School(y) ^ Goes(x,y)] Need an ontology of names!
John goes to school.	above, conjoined with: Person(x) ^ Male(x) ^ z[School(z) ...]
John sold a book to Mary.	xyz[Named(x, "John") ^ Named(y, "Mary") ^ Book(z) ^ Sold(x,y,z)]
John sold a book to Mary.	xyzt[Time(t) ^ Named(x, "John") ^ Named(y, "Mary") ^ Book(z) ^ Sell(x,y,z,t) ^ Before(t,n) ^ Now(n)] (?) Need an ontology of time!
Mary bought a book from John.	As above and/or xyz[Sold(x,y,z)  Buy(y,x,z)]
A cube is a block.	ANSWER
A label of a cube is a label of a block.	ANSWER
(any passage from the CVA website)	?????