Some References on the Procedural-Declarative Controversy
(in chronological order)

1. Ryle, Gilbert (1971), "Knowing How and Knowing That", in Collected Papers of Gilbert Ryle (New York: Barnes and Noble), Vol. I: 212-225.

2. Winograd, Terry (1975), "Frame Representations and the Declarative/Procedural Controversy," in Daniel G. Bobrow & Alan M. Collins (eds.), Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science (New York: Academic Press): 185-210; reprinted in Ronald J. Brachman & Hector J. Levesque (eds.), Readings in Knowledge Representation (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1985): 358-370.

3. Johnson-Laird, Phillip (1977), "Procedural Semantics", Cognition 5(3): 189-214.

4. Fodor, Jerry A. (1978), "Tom Swift and His Procedural Grandmother", Cognition 6(3): 229-247.

5. Johnson-Laird, Philip N. (1978), "What's Wrong With Grandma's Guide to Procedural Semantics", Cognition 6(3): 249-261.

6. Fodor, Jerry A. (1979), "In Reply to Philip Johnson-Laird", Cognition 7(1): 93-95.

7. 
   On combining declarative and procedural representations:
   • Rapaport, William J. (1979), "An Algebraic Interpretation of Deontic Logic", abstract of an unpublished talk given at the 1978 Summer Meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic (University of Wisconsin, Madison), Journal of Symbolic Logic 44(3): 472.

     • Manuscript of complete paper

       Abstract: A syntactical phenomenon common to logics of commands, of questions, and some deontic logics is investigated using techniques of algebraic logic. The phenomenon is simple to describe. In terms of questions, the result of combining an indicative sentence (e.g., 'It is raining') with an interrogative sentence (e.g., 'Should I go home?') in (say) a conditional construction is an interrogative ('If it is raining, should I go home?'). Similarly combining an indicative with a command sentence (e.g., 'Go home!') results in a command sentence ('If it is raining, go home!'). In the deontic logic proposed by Hector-Neri Castañeda (in The Structure of Morality and in Thinking and Doing), the result of thus combining an indicative with a "practitive" is a practitive. These syntactical facts are reminiscent of scalar multiplication in vector spaces: The product of a scalar and a vector is a vector. However, neither vector spaces nor modules are general enough to serve as appropriate algebraic analogues of these logics. Taking the sentential (i.e., nonquantificational, nonmodal) fragment C of Castañeda's deontic logic as a paradigm, it is proposed that the relevant algebraic structure is a "dominance algebra" (DA), where <M, R, I, E> is a dominance algebra (over R) iff (i) R is an abstract algebra, (ii) M is not empty, (iii) non-empty I is a subset of M^{M^n} (n \in \omega), and (iv) non-empty E is a subset of M^{(B^n × M^m) \union (M^m × B^n)} (m, n \in \omega). (Modules are special cases of dominance algebras.) It is proved that the Lindenbaum algebra corresponding to C is a "double Boolean DA" (DBDA) (viz., one in which M and R are Boolean algebras), soundness and completeness theorems for C are obtained, and a representation theorem for DBDAs is proved. The paper concludes with some generalizations of DAs and some remarks on their relevance to Montague-style grammars.

8. Johnson-Laird, Philip N. (1982), "Propositional Representations, Procedural Semantics, and Mental Models", in Jacques Mehler et al. (eds.), Perspectives on Mental Representation (Lawrence Erlbaum): 111-131.

9. Gardner, Howard (1985), The Mind's New Science (New York: Basic).

10. Dreyfus, Hubert L., & Dreyfus, Stuart E. (1986), Mind Over Machine (New York: Free Press).

11. Agre, P.E. (1992), "Control Structures," in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley and Sons): 293-301.

12. Kramer, Bryan, & Mylopoulos, John (1992), "Knowledge Representation", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley & Sons): 743-759.

13. Russell, Stuart J., & Norvig, Peter (1995), Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

14. Stillings, Neil, et al. (1995), Cognitive Science (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).

15. Stanley, Jason & Williamson, Timothy (2001), "Knowing How", Journal of Philosophy 98(8): 411-444.