A.I.Q. TEST REFERENCES

1. On geometric analogies:

   • Evans, Thomas G. (1968), ``A Program for the Solution of Geometric-Analogy Intelligence Test Questions'', in Marvin L. Minsky (ed.), Semantic Information Processing (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 271-353.

   • Winston, Patrick Henry (1992), Artificial Intelligence, 3rd edition (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).

2. On reading comprehension:

   Lehnert, Wendy G.; Dyer, Michael G.; Johnson, P. N.; Yang, C. J.; & Harley, S. (1983), ``BORIS--An Experiment in In-Depth Understanding of Narratives'', Artificial Intelligence 20: 15-62.

3. On the ``Rogerian psychotherapist'', better known as Eliza:

   • Winograd, Terry (1983), Language as a Cognitive Process; Vol. 1: Syntax (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley), Chapter 2.

   • Weizenbaum, Joseph (1966), ``ELIZA - A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine'', Communications of the ACM 9: 36-45; reprinted in 26: 23-28.

     • Be sure to read the correspondence between Weizenbaum and Michael Arbib on p. 28 of the reprint.

   • Weizenbaum, Joseph (1967), ``Contextual Understanding by Computers'', Communications of the ACM 10: 474-480.

   • Weizenbaum, Joseph (1976), Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation (New York: W. H. Freeman).

   • Shapiro, Stuart C., & Kwasny, Stanley C. (1975), ``Interactive Consulting via Natural Language'', Communications of the ACM 18: 459-462.

4. On the Keys and Boxes problem:

   Sacerdoti, Earl (1977), A Structure for Plans and Behavior (Amsterdam: Elsevier): 55-61.

   Click here for the solution (no cheating! :-)

5. On learning the meaning of `CRDL' (actually, `arch'):

   Winston, Patrick Henry (1975), ``Learning Structural Descriptions from Examples,'' in Patrick Henry Winston (ed.), The Psychology of Computer Vision (New York: McGraw-Hill): 157-209; reprinted in Ronald J. Brachman & Hector J. Levesque (eds.), Readings in Knowledge Representation (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1985): 141-168.

6. On the ambiguity of prepositional-phrase attachment:

   Hendrix, Gary G., & Sacerdoti, Earl D. (1981), ``Natural-Language Processing'', Byte 6 (September): 304-352.

7. On whether John ate dinner (and ``scripts''):

   • Cullingford, Richard (1981), ``SAM'', in Roger C. Schank & Christopher K. Riesbeck (eds.), Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs Plus Miniatures (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 75-119.

   • Charniak, Eugene (1981), ``Micro SAM'', in Roger C. Schank & Christopher K. Riesbeck (eds.), Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs Plus Miniatures (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 120-135.

8. On whether Willa ate the phonebook (and planning):

   • Wilensky, Robert (1981), ``PAM'', in Roger C. Schank & Christopher K. Riesbeck (eds.), Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs Plus Miniatures (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 136-179.

   • Wilensky, Robert; Deering, Michael; & Lebowitz, Michael (1981), ``Micro PAM'', in Roger C. Schank & Christopher K. Riesbeck (eds.), Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs Plus Miniatures (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 180-196.