Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2003 13:59:03 -0500 (EST) From: Scott T Napieralski Subject: Annotated brachet demo Edited, shortened, and reformatted by: William J. Rapaport, 18 Feb 2003 [wjr] ============================================================== PRIOR KNOWLEDGE * "before" is transitive. * "after" is transitive. * If X is a member of the class Y and Y is a subclass of Z then X is a member of the class Z. * "subclass" is transitive. * Animals are physical objects ; Quadrupeds are vertebrates ; Ungulates are herbivores ; Mammals are animals ; Mammals are vertebrates ; Deer are mammals ; Deer are quadrupeds ; Deer are herbivores ; Deer are animals ; Deer is a basic level category ;"Harts are deer" ; Horses are quadrupeds ; Horses are herbivores ; Horses are animals ; Horse is a basic level category ; Ponies are animals ;"Dogs are mammals" ;"Dogs are quadrupeds" ;"Dogs are animals" ; Dog is a basic level category ;"Hounds are dogs" ;"Something is a member of the class dog" ;"The dog is possessed by something" ;"The thing that owns the dog is a person" ; Kings are persons ; Wizards are persons. ; Knights are persons. ; Person is a basic level category ; Something is named 'King Arthur' ; King Arthur is a king ; The Round Table is a table ; King Arthur owns the Round Table ; There is something named 'Excalibur' ; Excalibur is a sword ; King Arthur owns Excalibur ; Something is named 'Merlin' ; Merlin is a wizard. ; Something is named 'Sir Galahad' ; Sir Galahad is a knight ; Something is named 'Sir Tristram' ; Sir Tristram is a knight ; Something is named 'Sir Gawain' ; Something is named 'King Ban' ; King Ban is a king ; Something is named 'King Bors' ; King Bors is a king ; Something is named 'King Lot' ; King Lot is a king ; Sideboards are furniture ; Tables are furniture ; Chairs are furniture ; Chair is a basic level category ; Table is a basic level category ; White is a color ; Black is a color ; Small is a size ; "Small" and "little" are synonyms ; Large is a size ; "Large" and "big" are synonyms ; Spears are weapons ; "Kill" and "Slay" are synonyms * ;; ############################ ;; RULES (w/ forward inference) ;; ############################ ; If something is a hound then that thing hunts. ;; If something bays and it is a member of some class then ;; that class is a subclass of hound * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; "Deer" is a basic category ;; "Horse" is a basic category ;; "Dog" is a basic category ;; The dog (b1) is a quadruped ;; The dog (b1) is a mammal ;; The dog (b1) is a vertebrate ;; The dog (b1) is a physical object ;; The dog (b1) is a animal ;; "Person" is a basic category ;; King Arthur is a king ;; King Arthur is a person ;; The Round Table is a piece of furniture ;; The Round Table is a table ;; Excalibur is a sword ;; Merlin is a wizard ;; Merlin is a person ;; Sir Galahad is a knight ;; Sir Galahad is a person ;; Sir Tristram is a knight ;; Sir Tristram is a person ;; Sir Gawain is a knight ;; Sir Gawain is a person ;; King Ban is a king ;; King Ban is a person ;; King Bors is a king ;; King Bors is a person ;; King Lot is a king ;; King Lot is a person ;; "Chair" is a basic category ;; "Table" is a basic category ;; White is a color ;; Black is a color ;; Small is a size ;; Large is a size ;; If one thing bites another and the biter is a member of some ;; class then that class is a subclass of animal ;; If something is an animal and part of another class then ;; presumably, that class is a subclass of animal * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; Presumably, quadruped is a subclass of animal ;; Presumably, vertebrate is a subclass of animal ;; Presumably, mammal is a subclass of animal ;; Presumably, deer is a subclass of animal ;; Presumably, hart is a subclass of animal ;; Presumably, horse is a subclass of animal ;; Presumably, dog is a subclass of animal ;; Presumably, hound is a subclass of animal ;; Presumably, physical object is a subclass of animal ;; If something is presumably an animal and is a member of another class then ;; presumably, that class is a subclass of animal ;; If something is a mammal and a member of another class then ;; presumably, that class is a subclass of mammal * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; Presumably, mammal is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, deer is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, hart is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, horse is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, pony is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, hound is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, animal is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, vertebrate is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, quadruped is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, dog is a subclass of mammal ;; Presumably, physical object is a subclass of mammal ;; If something is a mammal, then it presumably bears live young * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; The dog (b1) bears live young ;"If something bears something else, the bearer is an animal" ; If there is a person and that person can carry something, then the ; thing that can be carried has the property "small". ; If something wants something then the thing that is wanted is valuable ; If something says that it wants another thing, then it actually ; does want that thing ; If a member of some class has a property that is a color, ; then the class that it is a member of is a subclass of 'physical object' ; If a member of some class has a property that is a size, ; then the class that it is a member of is a subclass of 'physical object' ; A weapon damages ; If something is an elder then that thing is old and is presumably a person ; if one thing chases another, the former runs behind the latter * ;;; CASSIE READS THE TEXT (and does forward inference) ;Right so as they sat, there came a white hart running into the hall with ;a white brachet next to him, and thirty couples of black hounds came ;running after them with a great cry. ;; In the story, there is a hart * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; Presumably, the hart bears live young ;; Presumably, the herbivores are mammals ;; Presumably, herbivores are animals ;; The hart is a hart ;; The hart is a quadruped ;; The hart is a deer ;; The hart is a mammal ;; The hart is a herbivore ;; The hart is a vertebrate ;; The hart is a physical object ;; The hart is a animal ;; In the story, the hart runs into something ;; In the story, the thing that the hart runs into is a hall ;; In the story, the hall is King Arthur's hall (KA from background) ;; In the story, there is a brachet ;; In the story, the brachet is next to a hart ;; In the story, the brachet is white * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; Brachet is a subclass of physical object. ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: phys obj, Possible Properties: white, Possibly Similar Items: animal, mammal, deer, horse, pony, dog, nil CPU time : 5.59 * ;; In the story, there is a hound * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; Presumably, the hound bears live young ;; The hound hunts. ;; The hound is a hound. ;; The hound is a dog. ;; The hound is a quadruped. ;; The hound is a mammal. ;; The hound is a vertebrate. ;; The hound is a physical object. ;; The hound is an animal. ;; In the story, the hound is a hound. ;; Presumably, brachet is a subclass of mammal. ;; Presumably, brachet is a subclass of animal ;; In the story, the hound is black ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; Hart is a subclass of physical object ;; Hound is a subclass of physical object ;; Vertebrate is a subclass of physical object ;; Quadruped is a subclass of physical object ;; Physical object is a subclass of physical object ;; Dog is a subclass of physical object ;; Pony is a subclass of physical object ;; Horse is a subclass of physical object ;; Deer is a subclass of physical object ;; Mammal is a subclass of physical object ;; Animal is a subclass of physical object ;; In the story, the hound is running ;; In the story, the hound is behind the hart ;Then the hart went running about the Round Table; as he went by the sideboard, ;the white brachet bit him in the buttock [. . .] ;; In the story, the hart is next to the Round Table. ;; In the story, the brachet bites something. * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; Brachet is a subclass of animal ;; In the story, the thing that the brachet bites is part of the hart. ;; In the story, the thing that the brachet bites is a buttock ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: animal, Possible Actions: bite buttock, Possible Properties: white, Possibly Similar Items: mammal, pony, * ; ;Therewith the knight arose, took up the brachet, went forth out of the hall, ;took his horse and rode away with the brachet. ;; In the story, there is a knight * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; The knight is a knight ;; The knight is a person ;; In the story, the knight arises ;; In the story, the knight picks up the brachet ;; In the story, the knight mounts something ;; In the story, the thing that the knight mounts is a horse * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; The horse is a horse. ;; The horse is a herbivore. ;; The horse is a vertebrate. ;; The horse is a quadruped. ;; The horse is a physical object. ;; The horse is an animal. ;; ;; In the story, the knight rides the horse ;; In the story, the knight carries the brachet * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; The brachet is small. ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: animal, Possible Actions: bite buttock, Possible Properties: small, white, Possibly Similar Items: mammal, pony, ; ;Right so a lady came in on a white palfrey and cried aloud to King Arthur, ;`Sire, suffer me not to have this spite for the brachet is mine that the ;knight led away.'" [p66] ;; In the story, there is a lady ;; In the story, the lady says that the knight took the brachet ;; In the story, the lady says that the brachet belongs to her. ;; In the story, the lady says that she wants the brachet. * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; The brachet is valuable. ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: animal, Possible Actions: bite buttock, Possible Properties: valuable, small, white, Possibly Similar Items: mammal, pony, ;"'Then,' said Merlin, 'call sir Gawain, for he must bring back the white ;hart. Also, sir, ye must call Sir Tor, for he must bring back the brachet ;and the knight, or else slay him. ...'" [p67] ;; In the story, Merlin (from background) says that Sir Gawain (from BG) ;; must bring the hart to the hall ;; In the story, Merlin says that an unknown thing must bring the ;; brachet to the hall ;; In the story, the thing that must bring the brachet to the hall is ;; named Sir Tor ;; In the story, Sir Tor is a knight ;; In the story, Merlin says that Sir Tor must either bring the knight ;; who took the brachet to the hall or he must slay the knight who took ;; the brachet. ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: animal, Possible Actions: bite buttock, Possible Properties: valuable, small, white, Possibly Similar Items: mammal, pony, ;`Sir,' said the elder `there came a white hart this way this day and ;many hounds chased him, and a white brachet was always next to him.' ;[p67] ;; In the story, there is an elder ;; In the story, there is a hart ;; In the story, the hart is white ;; In the story, the elder says that the hart came to something. ;; In the story, the elder says that something is chasing the hart. ;; In the story, the thing chasing the hart is a hound ;; In the story, the elder says that something is next to the hart ;; In the story, the thing that is next to the hart is a brachet ;; In the story, the brachet is white ;; In the story, the two brachets are actually the same brachet. ;; In the story, the two harts are actually the same hart. ;; In the story, the two hounds are actually the same hound. ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: animal, Possible Actions: bite buttock, Possible Properties: valuable, small, white, Possibly Similar Items: mammal, pony, ;When Sir Tor was ready, he mounted upon his horse's back, and rode after ;the knight with the brachet. [71] ;; In the story, Sir Tor mounts something. ;; In the story, the thing that Sir Tor mounts is his horse. ;; In the story, Sir Tor's horse is a horse. ;; In the story, Sir Tor rides his horse ;; In the story, the knight who took the brachet is with the brachet. ; ;`Ye shall say [you are sent] by the knight who went in quest of the ;knight with the brachet.' [71] ;; In the story, Sir Tor says that something shall say that it was sent ;; by the knight who is questing for the brachet. ;; In the story, Sir Tor is the knight who is questing for the brachet ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: animal, Possible Actions: bite buttock, Possible Properties: valuable, small, white, Possibly Similar Items: mammal, pony, * ; ;`I know you ride after the knight with the white brachet, and I shall ;bring you where he is,' said the dwarf. [72] ; In the story, there is a dwarf ;; In the story, the dwarf says that he knows that Sir Tor seeks the ;; knight who took the brachet. ;; In the story, the dwarf says that he will bring Sir Tor someplace. ;; In the story, the knight is in the place that the dwarf is taking Sir Tor. ;; In the story, the brachet is in the place that the dwarf is taking Sir Tor. ;Then he went to the other pavilion and found a lady lying sleeping therein; ;and there was the white brachet which bayed at him fast. ;; In the story, Sir Tor goes to some place ;; In the story, the place that Sir Tor goes to is a pavilion ;; In the story, the lady is sleeping in the pavilion ;; In the story, Sir Tor finds the lady in the pavilion ;; In the story, Sir Tor finds the brachet in the pavilion ;; In the story, the brachet bays at Sir Tor. * ;; Newly inferred information: ;; ;; The brachet bays. ;; Brachet is a subclass of hound. ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: hound, dog, Possible Actions: bite buttock, bay, hunt, Possible Properties: valuable, small, white, * ;As soon as Sir Tor spied the white brachet, he took it by force and gave it ;to the dwarf. ;; In the story, Sir Tor spys the brachet ;; In the story, Sir Tor takes the bracket ;; In the story, Sir Tor gives the brachet to the dwarf ; ;With the noise, the lady came out of the pavilion with all her damosels. ;; In the story, the lady comes from the pavilion ;; In the story, there is a noise ;; In the story, the noise caused the lady to come from the pavilion. ;; In the story, there is a damosel ;; In the story, the damosel comes from the pavilion ;; In the story, the noise caused the damosel to come from the pavilion ;; In the story, the damosel is a person ;; In the story, the noise was the brachet baying. ;;; `What! Will ye take my brachet from me?' said the lady. ;; In the story, the lady asks Sir Tor why he took the brachet from her. ;; In the story, the lady is angry. ;; In the story,Sir Tor taking the brachet caused the lady to be angry. ; `Yes,' said Sir Tor, `this brachet I have sought from King Arthur's court ; hither.' [72] ;; In the story,Sir Tor tells the lady that he took the brachet from her. ;; In the story,Sir Tor says that he sought the brachet from the hall to ;; the pavilion. ;; What does brachet mean? ^ --> (defineNoun "brachet") Definition of brachet: Class Inclusions: dog, Possible Actions: bite buttock, bay, hunt, Possible Properties: valuable, small, white,