file: papersbytopic.txt-20120131 Publications of William J. Rapaport Arranged Topically Last Update: 31 January 2012 For full bibliographical info, abstracts, & links to online papers, see the chronological listing at: http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/papers.html Note: This listing is **not** a partition of my publication list: The categories **are** jointly exhaustive but **not** mutually exclusive. Alphabetical Index to Topics: ------------------------------------------------------------------------- AI (general) Chinese Room Argument & Syntactic Semantics Cognitive Science Computational Linguistics Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition Deictic Center Project & Narrative Descartes Education Fiction Logic Meinong & Intensionality Meta-Philosophy Miscellaneous Perry Philosophy of Computer Science & of AI Quasi-Indexicals, Belief, & Knowledge SNePS Turing Test ========================================================================= AI (general) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1986c), "Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence: A Course Outline", Teaching Philosophy 9: 103-120. Hardt (now Loeb), Shoshana H., & Rapaport, William J. (eds.) (1986), "Recent and Current Artificial Intelligence Research in the Department of Computer Science, SUNY Buffalo", AI Magazine 7 (Summer 1986) 91-100. Rapaport, William J. (1987a), "Belief Systems", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (New York: John Wiley): 63-73. Rapaport, William J. (1988c), Review of Joseph Y. Halpern (ed.), Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge: Proceedings of the 1986 Conference (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1986), Journal of Symbolic Logic 53: 660-670. Rapaport, William J. (guest editor) (1991c), Special Issue on Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Nous, Vol. 25, No. 4. Rapaport, William J. (1991d), "The Inner Mind and the Outer World: Guest Editor's Introduction", Special Issue on Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Nous 25: 405-410. Rapaport, William J. (1992a), "Belief Representation Systems", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley): 98-110. Chinese Room Argument & Syntactic Semantics ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1985d), "Machine Understanding and Data Abstraction in Searle's Chinese Room", Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (University of California at Irvine) (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 341-345. Rapaport, William J. (1986a), "Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and the Chinese-Room Argument", Abacus: The Magazine for the Computer Professional 3 (Summer 1986) 6-17; correspondence, Abacus 4 (Winter 1987) 6-7, Abacus 4 (Spring 1987) 5-7. Rapaport, William J. (1986b), "Searle's Experiments with Thought", Philosophy of Science 53: 271-279. Rapaport, William J. (1988), "To Think or Not To Think", Nous 22:585-609. Rapaport, William J. (1988b), "Syntactic Semantics: Foundations of Computational Natural-Language Understanding", in James H. Fetzer (ed.), Aspects of Artificial Intelligence (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers): 81-131. Rapaport, William J. (1990b), "Computer Processes and Virtual Persons: Comments on Cole's `Artificial Intelligence and Personal Identity"', Technical Report 90-13 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Rapaport, William J. (1993b), "Because Mere Calculating Isn't Thinking: Comments on Hauser's `Why Isn't My Pocket Calculator a Thinking Thing?'", Minds and Machines 3: 11-20. Rapaport, William J. (1995), "Understanding Understanding: Syntactic Semantics and Computational Cognition", in James E. Tomberlin (ed.), AI, Connectionism, and Philosophical Psychology, Philosophical Perspectives Vol. 9 (Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview): 49-88. Rapaport, William J. (1996, in preparation), Understanding Understanding: Semantics, Computation, and Cognition; pre-printed as Technical Report 96-26 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Rapaport, William J. (1998c), "How Minds Can Be Computational Systems", Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 10: 403-419. Rapaport, William J. (1999), "Implementation Is Semantic Interpretation", The Monist 82: 109-130. Rapaport, William J. (2000d), "How to Pass a Turing Test: Syntactic Semantics, Natural-Language Understanding, and First-Person Cognition", Special Issue on Alan Turing and Artificial Intelligence, Journal of Logic, Language, and Information 9(4): 467-490. Rapaport, William J. (2002a), "Holism, Conceptual-Role Semantics, and Syntactic Semantics", Minds and Machines 12(1): 3-59. Rapaport, William J. (2003), "What Did You Mean by That? Misunderstanding, Negotiation, and Syntactic Semantics", Minds and Machines 13(3): 397-427. Rapaport, William J. (2005), "Implementation Is Semantic Interpretation: Further Thoughts", Special Issue on Theoretical Cognitive Science, Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 17(4; December): 385-417. Rapaport, William J. (2006), Review of John Preston & Mark Bishop (eds.), Views into the Chinese Room: New Essays on Searle and Artificial Intelligence, in Australasian Journal of Philosophy 84(1) (March): 129-133. Rapaport, William J. (2006), "How Helen Keller Used Syntactic Semantics to Escape from a Chinese Room", Minds and Machines 16(4): 381-436. Rapaport, William J. (2007), "Searle on Brains as Computers", American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers 6(2) (Spring): 4-9. Rapaport, William J. (2011), "Yes, She Was! Reply to Ford's 'Helen Keller Was Never in a Chinese Room'", Minds and Machines 21(1) (Spring): 3-17. Rapaport, William J. (in press), "Semiotic Systems, Computers, and the Mind: How Cognition Could Be Computing", International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems. Cognitive Science ------------------------------------------------------------------------- (see also: Deictic Center Project & Narrative) Rapaport, William J. (1985d), "Machine Understanding and Data Abstraction in Searle's Chinese Room", Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (University of California at Irvine) (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 341-345. Rapaport, William J. (1986d), "Logical Foundations for Belief Representation", Cognitive Science 10: 371-422. Peters, Sandra M.; Shapiro, Stuart C.; & Rapaport, William J. (1988), "Flexible Natural Language Processing and Roschian Category Theory" Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Montreal) (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 125-131. Srihari, Rohini K., & Rapaport, William J. (1989), "Extracting Visual Information From Text: Using Captions to Label Human Faces in Newspaper Photographs", Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Ann Arbor, MI) (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 364-371. Peters, Sandra M., & Rapaport, William J. (1990), "Superordinate and Basic Level Categories in Discourse: Memory and Context", Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Cambridge, MA) (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 157-165. Rapaport, William J. (guest editor) (1991c), Special Issue on Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Nous, Vol. 25, No. 4. Rapaport, William J. (1991d), "The Inner Mind and the Outer World: Guest Editor's Introduction", Special Issue on Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Nous 25: 405-410. Rapaport, William J. (1993a), "Cognitive Science", in Anthony Ralston & Edwin D. Reilly (eds.), Encyclopedia of Computer Science, 3rd edition (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold): 185-189. Galbraith, Mary, & Rapaport, William J. (guest editors) (1995), Where Does I Come From? Special Issue on Subjectivity and the Debate over Computational Cognitive Science, Minds and Machines, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 513-620. Ehrlich, Karen, & Rapaport, William J. (1997), A Computational Theory of Vocabulary Expansion", Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Stanford University) (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 205-210. Rapaport, William J.; Shapiro, Stuart C.; & Wiebe, Janyce M. (1997), "Quasi-Indexicals and Knowledge Reports", Cognitive Science 21: 63-107. Rapaport, William J. (1998c), "How Minds Can Be Computational Systems", Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 10: 403-419. Rapaport, William J. (2000a), "Cognitive Science", in Anthony Ralston, Edwin D. Reilly, & David Hemmendinger (eds.), Encyclopedia of Computer Science, 4th edition (New York: Grove's Dictionaries): 227-233. Rapaport, William J. (2000c), Review of Steven Pinker, How the Mind Works (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), Minds and Machines. Computational Linguistics ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J., & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1984), "Quasi-Indexical Reference in Propositional Semantic Networks", Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-84, Stanford University) (Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics): 65-70. Rapaport, William J. (1985a), "Meinongian Semantics for Propositional Semantic Networks", Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (University of Chicago) (Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics): 43-48. Wiebe, Janyce M., & Rapaport, William J. (1988), "A Computational Theory of Perspective and Reference in Narrative", Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (SUNY Buffalo) (Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics): 131-138. Nakhimovsky, Alexander, & Rapaport, William J. (1988), "Discontinuities in Narratives", Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of Computational Linguistics (COLING-88, Budapest): 465-470. Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1981), "How to Make the World Fit Our Language: An Essay in Meinongian Semantics", Grazer Philosophische Studien 14: 1-21. Rapaport, William J. (1986/1987), "A Computational Theory of Natural-Language Understanding", Computer Science Research Review (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science): 25-31. Ehrlich, Karen, & Rapaport, William J. (1992), "Automatic Acquisition of Word Meanings from Natural-Language Contexts", Technical Report 92-03 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Center for Cognitive Science). Ehrlich, Karen, & Rapaport, William J. (1993), "Vocabulary Expansion through Natural-Language Context", Proceedings of the 8th Annual University at Buffalo Graduate Conference on Computer Science (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science): 78-84. Ehrlich, Karen, & Rapaport, William J. (1995), "A Computational Theory of Vocabulary Expansion: Project Proposal", Technical Report 95-15 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science) and Technical Report 95-08 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Center for Cognitive Science). Ehrlich, Karen, & Rapaport, William J. (1997), A Computational Theory of Vocabulary Expansion", Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Stanford University) (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 205-210. Rapaport, William J., & Ehrlich, Karen (2000b), "A Computational Theory of Vocabulary Acquisition", in Lucja M. Iwanska, & Stuart C. Shapiro (eds.), Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Representation: Language for Knowledge and Knowledge for Language (Menlo Park, CA/Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/MIT Press): 347-375. Rapaport, William J., & Kibby, Michael W. (2002b), "Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition: A Computational Theory and Educational Curriculum", in Nagib Callaos, Ana Breda, and Ma. Yolanda Fernandez J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002; Orlando, FL) (Orlando: International Institute of Informatics and Systemics), Vol. II: Concepts and Applications of Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics I, pp. 261-266. Rapaport, William J. (2003), "What Is the `Context' for Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition?", in Peter P. Slezak (ed.), Proceedings of the 4th Joint International Conference on Cognitive Science/7th Australasian Society for Cognitive Science Conference (ICCS/ASCS-2003; Sydney, Australia) (Sydney: University of New South Wales), Vol. 2, pp. 547-552. Rapaport, William J. (2005), "In Defense of Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition: How to Do Things with Words in Context", in A. Dey et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context (Context-05) (Berlin: Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 3554): 396-409. Shapiro, Stuart C.; Rapaport, William J.; Kandefer, Michael; Johnson, Frances L.; & Goldfain, Albert (2007), "Metacognition in SNePS", AI Magazine 28(1) (Spring): 17-31. Rapaport, William J.; & Kibby, Michael W. (2007), "Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition as Computational Philosophy and as Philosophical Computation", Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence: 19(1) (March): 1-17. Kibby, Michael W.; Rapaport, William J.; Wieland, Karen W.; & Dechert, Deborah A. (2008), "Play Lesson 4: CSI: Contextual Semantic Investigation", in Lawrence Baines (ed.), A Teacher's Guide to Multisensory Learning: Improving Literacy by Engaging the Senses (Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development): 163-173. Deictic Center Project & Narrative ------------------------------------------------------------------------- (see also: Quasi-Indexicals, Belief, & Knowledge) Bruder, Gail A.; Duchan, Judith F.; Rapaport, William J.; Segal, Erwin M.; Shapiro, Stuart C.; & Zubin, David A. (1986), "Deictic Centers in Narrative: An Interdisciplinary Cognitive-Science Project", Technical Report 86-20 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Wiebe, Janyce M., & Rapaport, William J. (1988), "A Computational Theory of Perspective and Reference in Narrative", Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (SUNY Buffalo) (Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics): 131-138. Nakhimovsky, Alexander, & Rapaport, William J. (1988), "Discontinuities in Narratives", Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of Computational Linguistics (COLING-88, Budapest): 465-470. Rapaport, William J.; Segal, Erwin M.; Shapiro, Stuart C.; Zubin, David A.; Bruder, Gail A.; Duchan, Judith F.; Almeida, Michael J.; Daniels, Joyce H.; Galbraith, Mary M.; Wiebe, Janyce M.; & Yuhan, Albert Hanyong (1989), "Deictic Centers and the Cognitive Structure of Narrative Comprehension", Technical Report 89-01 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Rapaport, William J.; Segal, Erwin M.; Shapiro, Stuart C.; Zubin, David A.; Bruder, Gail A.; Duchan, Judith F.; & Mark, David M. (1989), "Cognitive and Computer Systems for Understanding Narrative Text", Technical Report 89-07 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Rapaport, William J. (1990a), "Representing Fiction in SNePS", in Deepak Kumar (ed.), Current Trends in SNePS--Semantic Network Processing System, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, No. 437 (Berlin: Springer-Verlag): 107-121. Rapaport, William J. (1991a), "Predication, Fiction, and Artificial Intelligence", Topoi 10: 79-111. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1995), "An Introduction to a Computational Reader of Narratives", in Judith Felson Duchan, Gail A. Bruder, & Lynne E. Hewitt (eds.), Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 79-105. Rapaport, William J., & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1995), "Cognition and Fiction", in Judith Felson Duchan, Gail A. Bruder, & Lynne E. Hewitt (eds.), Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 107-128. Rapaport, William J., & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1999), "Cognition and Fiction: An Introduction", in Ashwin Ram & Kenneth Moorman (eds.), Understanding Language Understanding: Computational Models of Reading (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 11-25. Descartes ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1976a), "On Cogito Propositions", Philosophical Studies 29: 63-68. Rapaport, William J. (1987), "God, the Demon, and the Cogito". Education ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1974), "Paper Folding and Convergent Sequences", Mathematics Teacher 67: 453-457. Rapaport, William J. (1979b), "Interdisciplinary 'Informal Logic' Course", Informal Logic Newsletter 1 (May 1979) 6-7, and 2 (November 1979) 14; also contributed to Informal Logic Newsletter 1 (July 1979). Rapaport, William J. (1984c), "Critical Thinking and Cognitive Development", American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Pre-College Instruction in Philosophy 1 (Spring/Summer 1984) 4-5. Schagrin, Morton L.; Rapaport, William J.; & Dipert, Randall R. (1985), Logic: A Computer Approach (New York: McGraw-Hill). Rapaport, William J. (1986c), "Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence: A Course Outline", Teaching Philosophy 9: 103-120. Rapaport, William J. (1986g), "Pre-College Instruction in Philosophy" (editor's column), American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Teaching Philosophy (Fall 1986) 11-12. Rapaport, William J. (1987g), "Philosophy for Children and Other People", American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Teaching Philosophy (Summer 1987) 19-22. Rapaport, William J. (2005), "Philosophy of Computer Science: An Introductory Course", Teaching Philosophy 28(4): 319-341. Kibby, Michael W.; Rapaport, William J.; Wieland, Karen W.; & Dechert, Deborah A. (forthcoming, 2008), CSI: Contextual Semantic Investigation for Word Meaning" in Lawrence A. Baines (ed.), Literacy through Multisensory Learning (Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development). Rapaport, William J. (2011), "A Triage Theory of Grading: The Good, the Bad, and the Middling", Teaching Philosophy 34(4) (December): 347-372. Fiction ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1985c), "To Be and Not To Be", Nous 19: 255-271. Rapaport, William J. (1990a), "Representing Fiction in SNePS", in Deepak Kumar (ed.), Current Trends in SNePS--Semantic Network Processing System, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, No. 437 (Berlin: Springer-Verlag): 107-121. Rapaport, William J. (1991a), "Predication, Fiction, and Artificial Intelligence", Topoi 10: 79-111. Rapaport, William J., & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1995), "Cognition and Fiction", in Judith Felson Duchan, Gail A. Bruder, & Lynne E. Hewitt (eds.), Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 107-128. Rapaport, William J., & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1999), "Cognition and Fiction: An Introduction", in Ashwin Ram & Kenneth Moorman (eds.), Understanding Language Understanding: Computational Models of Reading (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 11-25. Logic ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1979b), "Interdisciplinary 'Informal Logic' Course", Informal Logic Newsletter 1 (May 1979) 6-7, and 2 (November 1979) 14; also contributed to Informal Logic Newsletter 1 (July 1979). Rapaport, William J. (1979c), "An Algebraic Interpretation of Deontic Logic", abstract of an unpublished talk given at the 1978 Summer Meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic (University of Wisconsin, Madison), Journal of Symbolic Logic 44: 472. Schagrin, Morton L.; Rapaport, William J.; & Dipert, Randall R. (1985), Logic: A Computer Approach (New York: McGraw-Hill). Rapaport, William J. (1986e), Review of Karel Lambert, Meinong and the Principle of Independence: Its Place in Meinong's Theory of Objects and Its Significance in Contemporary Philosophical Logic (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983), Journal of Symbolic Logic 51: 248-252. Rapaport, William J. (1987b), "Logic", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (New York: John Wiley): 536-538. Rapaport, William J. (1987c), "Logic, Predicate", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (New York: John Wiley): 538-544. Rapaport, William J. (1987d), "Logic, Propositional", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (New York: John Wiley): 558-563. Rapaport, William J. (1988c), Review of Joseph Y. Halpern (ed.), Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge: Proceedings of the 1986 Conference (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1986), Journal of Symbolic Logic 53: 660-670. Rapaport, William J. (1992b), "Logic", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley): 851-853 Rapaport, William J. (1992c), "Logic, Predicate", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley): 866-873 Rapaport, William J. (1992d), "Logic, Propositional", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley): 891-897 Meinong & Intensionality ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1976b), Intentionality and the Structure of Existence (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Department of Philosophy) Rapaport, William J. (1977), "Adverbial Theories and Meinongian Theories", abstract of a colloquium presentation given at the 1977 Eastern Division meeting of the American Philosophical Association, Journal of Philosophy 74: 635. Rapaport, William J. (1978), "Meinongian Theories and a Russellian Paradox", Nous 12: 153-180; errata, Nous 13 (1979) 125. Rapaport, William J. (1979a), "An Adverbial Meinongian Theory", Analysis 39: 75-81. Rapaport, William J. (1981), "How to Make the World Fit Our Language: An Essay in Meinongian Semantics", Grazer Philosophische Studien 14: 1-21. Rapaport, William J. (1983), "Meinong, Defective Objects, and (Psycho-)Logical Paradox", Grazer Philosophische Studien 18: 17-39. Rapaport, William J. (1984a), Critical study of Richard Routley's Exploring Meinong's Jungle and Beyond, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44: 539-552. Rapaport, William J. (1985a), "Meinongian Semantics for Propositional Semantic Networks", Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (University of Chicago) (Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics): 43-48. Rapaport, William J. (written 1985b; perennially forthcoming), "Meinongian Semantics and Artificial Intelligence", in Peter Simons (ed.), Essays on Meinong (Amsterdam: Rodopi Editions). Rapaport, William J. (1985c), "To Be and Not To Be", Nous 19: 255-271. Rapaport, William J. (1985/1986), "Non-Existent Objects and Epistemological Ontology", Grazer Philosophische Studien 25/26: 61-95. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1986), "SNePS Considered as a Fully Intensional Propositional Semantic Network", Proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86, Philadelphia) (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann), Vol. 1, pp. 278-283. Rapaport, William J. (1986e), Review of Karel Lambert, Meinong and the Principle of Independence: Its Place in Meinong's Theory of Objects and Its Significance in Contemporary Philosophical Logic (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983), Journal of Symbolic Logic 51: 248-252. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1987), "SNePS Considered as a Fully Intensional Propositional Semantic Network", in Nick Cercone & Gordon McCalla (eds.), The Knowledge Frontier: Essays in the Representation of Knowledge (New York: Springer-Verlag): 262-315. Rapaport, William J.; Wiebe, Janyce M.; & Dipert, Randall R. (1987/1988), "Intensional Knowledge Representation", Computer Science Research Review (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science): 48-63. Rapaport, William J. (1991b), "Meinong, Alexius; I: Meinongian Semantics", in Hans Burkhardt & Barry Smith (eds.), Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology (Munich: Philosophia Verlag): 516-519. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1991), "Models and Minds: Knowledge Representation for Natural-Language Competence", in Robert Cummins & John Pollock (eds.), Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 215-259. Jacquette, Dale, & Rapaport, William J. (1995), "Virtual Relations vs. Virtual Universals: Essay, Comments, and Reply", Technical Report 95-10 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Center for Cognitive Science). Meta-Philosophy ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1982), "Unsolvable Problems and Philosophical Progress", 1982 Prize Essay, American Philosophical Quarterly 19: 289-298. Rapaport, William J. (1984b), "Can Philosophy Solve Its Own Problems?" The [SUNY] News 13 (May/June 1984) F2-F3. Orilia, Francesco, & Rapaport, William J. (1998b), "Thought, Language, and Ontology: An Introduction", in Francesco Orilia & William J. Rapaport, (eds.), Thought, Language, and Ontology: Essays in Memory of Hector-Neri Castaneda (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers): ix-xxi. Rapaport, William J. (1998b), "Academic Family Tree of Hector-Neri Castaneda", in Francesco Orilia & William J. Rapaport, (eds.), Thought, Language, and Ontology: Essays in Memory of Hector-Neri Castaneda (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers): 369-374. Rapaport, William J. (2005), "Castaneda, Hector-Neri", in John R. Shook (ed.), The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers, 1860-1960 (Bristol, UK: Thoemmes Press): 452-457. Miscellaneous ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (ed.) (1987e), "SUNY at Buffalo Department of Computer Science Graduate Student Open House", SIGART Newsletter No. 99 (January 1987) 22-24. Rapaport, William J. (ed.) (1987f), "Second Annual SUNY Buffalo Graduate Conference on Computer Science", SIGART Newsletter No. 100 (April 1987) 23-25. Rapaport, William J. (1997), Review of "Willard van Orman Quine" homepage, in American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers Vol. 97, No. 1 (Fall 1997): 40-41. Rapaport, William J. (2008-present), Contributions to AskPhilosophers.org http://www.askphilosophers.org/?q=&cat=All&panelist=wrapaport Perry ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1982), "Unsolvable Problems and Philosophical Progress", 1982 Prize Essay, American Philosophical Quarterly 19: 289-298. Rapaport, William J. (1984b), "Can Philosophy Solve Its Own Problems?" The [SUNY] News 13 (May/June 1984) F2-F3. Rapaport, William J. (1984c), "Critical Thinking and Cognitive Development", American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Pre-College Instruction in Philosophy 1 (Spring/Summer 1984) 4-5. Rapaport, William J. (1987g), "Philosophy for Children and Other People", American Philosophical Association Newsletter on Teaching Philosophy (Summer 1987) 19-22. Philosophy of Computer Science & of AI ------------------------------------------------------------------------- (see also: Chinese Room Argument & Syntactic Semantics Turing Test) Rapaport, William J. (1986c), "Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence: A Course Outline", Teaching Philosophy 9: 103-120. Rapaport, William J. (1986f), Review of Deborah G. Johnson and John W. Snapper (eds.), Ethical Issues in the Use of Computers (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1985), Teaching Philosophy 9(3): 275-278. Rapaport, William J. (1987b), "Logic", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (New York: John Wiley): 536-538. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1991), "Models and Minds: Knowledge Representation for Natural-Language Competence", in Robert Cummins & John Pollock (eds.), Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 215-259. Rapaport, William J. (guest editor) (1991c), Special Issue on Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Nous, Vol. 25, No. 4. Rapaport, William J. (1991d), "The Inner Mind and the Outer World: Guest Editor's Introduction", Special Issue on Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Nous 25: 405-410. Rapaport, William J. (1992b), "Logic", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley): 851-853 Koepsell, David R., & Rapaport, William J. (1995), "The Ontology of Cyberspace: Questions and Comments", Technical Report 95-25 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science) and Technical Report 95-09 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Center for Cognitive Science). Rapaport, William J. (1998a), "Prolegomena to a Study of Hector-Neri Castaneda's Influence on Artificial Intelligence: A Survey and Personal Reflections", in Francesco Orilia & William J. Rapaport, (eds.), Thought, Language, and Ontology: Essays in Memory of Hector-Neri Castaneda (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers): 345-367. Rapaport, William J. (1998c), "How Minds Can Be Computational Systems", Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 10: 403-419. Rapaport, William J. (2005), "Philosophy of Computer Science: An Introductory Course", Teaching Philosophy 28(4): 319-341. Rapaport, William J. (in press), "Semiotic Systems, Computers, and the Mind: How Cognition Could Be Computing", International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems. Quasi-Indexicals, Belief, & Knowledge ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J., & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1984), "Quasi-Indexical Reference in Propositional Semantic Networks", Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-84, Stanford University) (Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics): 65-70. Rapaport, William J. (1984d), "Belief Representation and Quasi-Indicators", Technical Report 215 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Wiebe, Janyce M., & Rapaport, William J. (1986), "Representing De Re and De Dicto Belief Reports in Discourse and Narrative", Special Issue on Knowledge Representation, Proceedings of the IEEE 74: 1405-1413. Rapaport, William J. (1986d), "Logical Foundations for Belief Representation", Cognitive Science 10: 371-422. Rapaport, William J.; Shapiro, Stuart C.; & Wiebe, Janyce M. (1986), "Quasi-Indicators, Knowledge Reports, and Discourse", Technical Report 86-15 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Rapaport, William J. (1987a), "Belief Systems", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (New York: John Wiley): 63-73. Rapaport, William J.; Wiebe, Janyce M.; & Dipert, Randall R. (1987/1988), "Intensional Knowledge Representation", Computer Science Research Review (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science): 48-63. Rapaport, William J. (1988c), Review of Joseph Y. Halpern (ed.), Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge: Proceedings of the 1986 Conference (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1986), Journal of Symbolic Logic 53: 660-670. Roberts, Lawrence D., & Rapaport, William J. (1988), "Quantifier Order, Reflexive Pronouns, and Quasi-Indexicals", Technical Report 88-16 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Srihari, Rohini K., & Rapaport, William J. (1989), "Extracting Visual Information From Text: Using Captions to Label Human Faces in Newspaper Photographs", Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Ann Arbor, MI) (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 364-371. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1991), "Models and Minds: Knowledge Representation for Natural-Language Competence", in Robert Cummins & John Pollock (eds.), Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 215-259. Rapaport, William J. (1992a), "Belief Representation Systems", in Stuart C. Shapiro (ed.), Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2nd edition (New York: John Wiley): 98-110. Rapaport, William J.; Shapiro, Stuart C.; & Wiebe, Janyce M. (1997), "Quasi-Indexicals and Knowledge Reports", Cognitive Science 21: 63-107. SNePS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- (see also: Quasi-Indexicals, Belief, & Knowledge Chinese Room Argument & Syntactic Semantics) Rapaport, William J. (1985a), "Meinongian Semantics for Propositional Semantic Networks", Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (University of Chicago) (Morristown, NJ: Association for Computational Linguistics): 43-48. Rapaport, William J. (written 1985b; perennially forthcoming), "Meinongian Semantics and Artificial Intelligence", in Peter Simons (ed.), Essays on Meinong (Amsterdam: Rodopi Editions). Rapaport, William J. (1985/1986), "Non-Existent Objects and Epistemological Ontology", Grazer Philosophische Studien 25/26: 61-95. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1986), "SNePS Considered as a Fully Intensional Propositional Semantic Network", Proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86, Philadelphia) (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann), Vol. 1, pp. 278-283. Rapaport, William J. (1986/1987), "A Computational Theory of Natural-Language Understanding", Computer Science Research Review (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science): 25-31. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1987), "SNePS Considered as a Fully Intensional Propositional Semantic Network", in Nick Cercone & Gordon McCalla (eds.), The Knowledge Frontier: Essays in the Representation of Knowledge (New York: Springer-Verlag): 262-315. Srihari, Sargur N.; Rapaport, William J.; & Kumar, Deepak (1987), "On Knowledge Representation Using Semantic Networks and Sanskrit", Technical Report 87-03 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Peters, Sandra M.; Shapiro, Stuart C.; & Rapaport, William J. (1988), "Flexible Natural Language Processing and Roschian Category Theory" Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Montreal) (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 125-131. Rapaport, William J., & the SNePS Research Group (1988), "A Knowledge-Representation Challenge for SNePS", SNeRG Technical Note No. 20 (Buffalo: SNePS Research Group, SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science). Peters, Sandra M., & Rapaport, William J. (1990), "Superordinate and Basic Level Categories in Discourse: Memory and Context", Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Cambridge, MA) (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 157-165. Srihari, Rohini K., & Rapaport, William J. (1990), "Combining Linguistic and Pictorial Information: Using Captions to Interpret Newspaper Photographs", in Deepak Kumar (ed.), Current Trends in SNePS--Semantic Network Processing System, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, No. 437 (Berlin: Springer-Verlag): 85-96. Rapaport, William J. (1990a), "Representing Fiction in SNePS", in Deepak Kumar (ed.), Current Trends in SNePS--Semantic Network Processing System, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, No. 437 (Berlin: Springer-Verlag): 107-121. Rapaport, William J. (1991a), "Predication, Fiction, and Artificial Intelligence", Topoi 10: 79-111. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1991), "Models and Minds: Knowledge Representation for Natural-Language Competence", in Robert Cummins & John Pollock (eds.), Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 215-259. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1992a), "The SNePS Family", Computers and Mathematics with Applications, invited special issue, Vol. 23: 243-275. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1992b), "A Fully Intensional Propositional Semantic Network", in Leslie Burkholder (ed.), Philosophy and the Computer (Boulder, CO: Westview Press): 75-91. Shapiro, Stuart C., & Rapaport, William J. (1995), "An Introduction to a Computational Reader of Narratives", in Judith Felson Duchan, Gail A. Bruder, & Lynne E. Hewitt (eds.), Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 79-105. Rapaport, William J., & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1995), "Cognition and Fiction", in Judith Felson Duchan, Gail A. Bruder, & Lynne E. Hewitt (eds.), Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 107-128. Rapaport, William J. (1998c), "How Minds Can Be Computational Systems", Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 10: 403-419. Rapaport, William J., & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1999), "Cognition and Fiction: An Introduction", in Ashwin Ram & Kenneth Moorman (eds.), Understanding Language Understanding: Computational Models of Reading (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 11-25. Rapaport, William J. (2002a), "Holism, Conceptual-Role Semantics, and Syntactic Semantics", Minds and Machines 12(1): 3-59. Rapaport, William J. (2003), "What Did You Mean by That? Misunderstanding, Negotiation, and Syntactic Semantics", Minds and Machines 13(3): 397-427. Rapaport, William J. (2006), "How Helen Keller Used Syntactic Semantics to Escape from a Chinese Room", Minds and Machines 16(4): 381-436. Shapiro, Stuart C.; Rapaport, William J.; Kandefer, Michael; Johnson, Frances L.; & Goldfain, Albert (2007), "Metacognition in SNePS", AI Magazine 28(1) (Spring): 17-31. Turing Test ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rapaport, William J. (1988b), "Syntactic Semantics: Foundations of Computational Natural-Language Understanding", in James H. Fetzer (ed.), Aspects of Artificial Intelligence (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers): 81-131. Rapaport, William J. (2000d), "How to Pass a Turing Test: Syntactic Semantics, Natural-Language Understanding, and First-Person Cognition", Special Issue on Alan Turing and Artificial Intelligence, Journal of Logic, Language, and Information 9(4): 467-490. Rapaport, William J. (2005), Review of Shieber's The Turing Test: Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence, in Computational Linguistics 31(3): 407-412. Rapaport, William J. (2006), "The Turing Test", in Keith Brown (ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd Edition, Vol. 13, pp. 151-159. (Oxford: Elsevier).