%%% Contains SNeRG papers through 2005
%%% but not as complete as http://www.cs.buffalo.edu/sneps/Bibliography/
%%%
@INPROCEEDINGS{Sha71, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1971,
	TITLE = "A net structure for semantic information storage,
                 deduction and retrieval",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Second International Joint
                     Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "512--523"      }

@ARTICLE{Sha75, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1975,
	TITLE = "Generation as parsing from a network into a linear string",
	JOURNAL = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
	HOWPUBLISHED = "Microfiche 33",
	PAGES = "45--62"     }

@TECHREPORT{Sha76, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1976,
	TITLE = "An introduction to {SNePS}
		 (Semantic Network Processing System)",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 31,
	INSTITUTION = "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
	ADDRESS = "Bloomington, {IN}",
	PAGES = "21"           }

@TECHREPORT{ShaWan76, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Wand, M.",
	YEAR = 1976,
	TITLE = "The Relevance of Relevance",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 46,
	INSTITUTION = "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
	ADDRESS = "Bloomington, {IN}",
	PAGES = "21"           }

@TECHREPORT{BecSha76, 
	AUTHOR = "Bechtel, R. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1976,
	TITLE = "A Logic for Semantic Networks",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 47,
	INSTITUTION = "Computer Science Department, Indiana University",
	ADDRESS = "Bloomington, {IN}",
	PAGES = "29"           }

@ARTICLE{Sha77a, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1977,
	TITLE = "Representing and locating deduction rules in a
                 semantic network",
	JOURNAL = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Pattern-Directed
		   Inference Systems",
	VOLUME = "Sigart Newsletter",
	NUMBER = 63,
	PAGES = "14--18"           }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Sha77b, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1977,
	TITLE = "Representing numbers in semantic networks: prolegomena",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference
                     on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "284"           }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Sha77c, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1977,
	TITLE = "Compiling deduction rules from a semantic network
                 into a set of processes",
	BOOKTITLE = "Abstracts of Workshop on Automatic Deduction",
	INSTITUTION = "{MIT}",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, {MA}",
	PAGES = "7"           }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Sha78, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1978,
	TITLE = "Path-based and node-based inference in semantic networks",
	EDITOR = " D. Waltz",
	BOOKTITLE = "Tinlap--2: Theoretical Issues in Natural
                     Languages Processing",
	ORGANIZATION = "{ACM}",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	PAGES = "219--225"           }

@INCOLLECTION{Sha79a, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1979,
	TITLE = "The {SNePS} semantic network processing system",
	EDITOR = "N. V. Findler",
	BOOKTITLE = "Associative Networks: The Representation
                     and Use of Knowledge by Computers",
	PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	PAGES = "179--203"           }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Sha79b, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{Sha82}",
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1979,
	TITLE = "Generalized augmented transition network grammars for
	         generation from semantic networks",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the
	             Association for Computational Linguistics",
        ORGANIZATION = "University of California at San Diego",
	PAGES = "25--29"          }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Sha79c, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1979,
	TITLE = "Numerical quantifiers and their use in reasoning with
                 negative information",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint
                     Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "791--796"           }

@MISC{Sha79d, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1979,
	TITLE = "Using non-standard connectives and quantifiers for
                 representing deduction rules in a semantic network",
	NOTE = "Invited paper presented at Current Aspects of {AI} Research,
	        a seminar held at the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tokyo",
	PAGES = "25"             }

@TECHREPORT{MckSha80a, 
	AUTHOR = "McKay, D. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1980,
	TITLE = "{MULTI}: A {LISP} Based Multiprocessing System",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
        NUMBER = 164,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "(Contains appendices not in item 15)",
	PAGES = "50"                }

@INPROCEEDINGS{MckSha80b, 
	AUTHOR = "McKay, D. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1980,
 	TITLE = "{MULTI} --- A {LISP} based multiprocessing system",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1980 {LISP} Conference",
	ORGANIZATION = "Stanford University, Stanford, {CA}",
	PAGES = "29--37"           }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaMck80, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and McKay, D. P.",
	YEAR = 1980,
	TITLE = "Inference with recursive rules",
	BOOKTITLE = "ProceedIngs of the First Annual National
 		     Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "151--153"           }

@ARTICLE {Sha80, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1980,
	TITLE = "Review of {F}ahlman, {S}cott {NETL}:
 		 A system for representing and using
                 real-world knowledge",
	PUBLISHER = "{MIT} Press",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, {MA}, 1979",
	JOURNAL = "American Journal of Computational Linguistics", 
	VOLUME = 6,
	NUMBER = 3,
	PAGES = "183--186"            }

@TECHREPORT{Mck80, 
	AUTHOR = "McKay, D. P.",
	YEAR = 1980,
	TITLE = "Recursive Rules --- An Outside Challenge",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 1,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "11"                 }

@TECHREPORT{MaiSha81, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{MaiSha82}",
	AUTHOR = "Maida, A. S. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "Intensional Concepts in Propositional Semantic Networks",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 171,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "69"           }

@TECHREPORT{Sha81a, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "{COCCI}: A Deductive Semantic Network Program for
                 Solving Microbiology Unknowns",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 173,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "24"                 }

@TECHREPORT{MarMckSha81, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaMarMck82}",
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. and McKay, D. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "Bi-directional Inference",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 174,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "32"                 }

@TECHREPORT{MarSha81, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1981,
       	TITLE = "A Belief Revision System Based on Relevance Logic
 		 and Heterarchical Contexts",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 175,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "42"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Sha81b, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "Summary of Scientific Progress",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 3,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "5"                 }

@MANUAL{MckMar81, 
	AUTHOR = "Mckay, D. P. and Martins, J.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "{SNePSLOG} User's Manual",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
  	NUMBER = 4,
	ORGANIZATION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "8"                 }

@TECHREPORT{MckShuMar81, 
	NOTE = "Obsolete",
	AUTHOR = "McKay, D. P. and Shubin, H. and and Martins, J.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "{RIPOFF}: Another Text Formatting Program",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 5,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "18"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Nea81, 
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "A Knowledge Engineering Approach to Natural
                 Language Understanding",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 179,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "67"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Sri81, 
	AUTHOR = "Srihari, R.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "Combining Path-based and Node-based Reasoning in {SNePS}",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 183,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "52"                 }

@TECHREPORT{MckMarMorAlmSha81, 
	AUTHOR = "McKay, D. P. and Martins, J. and Morgado, E.
                    and Almeida, M. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "An Assessment of {SNePS} for the {N}avy Domain",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 6,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "48"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Sha81c, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{MaiSha82} and \cite{ShaRap87b}",
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "What do Semantic Network Nodes Represent?",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 7,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{MckSha81, 
	AUTHOR  =  "McKay, D. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "Using active connection graphs for reasoning
                 with recursive rules",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
                     Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "368--374"                 }

@MANUAL {ShaSIG81, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaSIG94}.",
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and {The SNePS Implementation Group}",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "{SNePS} User's Manual",
	ORGANIZATION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo"}

@TECHREPORT{ShaMckMarMor81, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and McKay, D. P. and Martins, J.
                  and Morgado, E.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "{SNePSLOG}:  {A} ``Higher Order'' Logic Programming Language", 
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 8,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Presented at the Workshop on Logic Programming for
                Intelligent Systems, {R.M.S.} Queen Mary, Long Beach, {CA}",
	PAGES = "16"                    }

@TECHREPORT{Shu81, 
	AUTHOR = "Shubin, H.",
	YEAR = 1981,
	TITLE = "Inference and Control in Multiprocessing Environments",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 186,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "56"                 }

@ARTICLE{Sha82, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1982,
	TITLE = "Generalized augmented transition network
                 grammars for generation from semantic networks",
	JOURNAL = "The American Journal of Computational Linguistics",
	VOLUME = 8,
	NUMBER = 1,
	PAGES = "12--25"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Alm82, 
	AUTHOR = "Almeida, M. J.",
	YEAR = 1982,
      	TITLE = "{NETP}2 --- A Parser for a Subset of English",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 9,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "32"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Tra82, 
	AUTHOR = "Tranchell, L. M.", 
	YEAR = 1982,
	TITLE = "A {SNePS} Implementation of {KL-ONE}",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = 198,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "51"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaNea82, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Neal, J. G.",
	YEAR = 1982,
	TITLE = "A Knowledge Engineering Approach
	         to Natural Language Understanding",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the
                     Association for Computational Linguistics",
	PUBLISHER = "{ACL}",
	ADDRESS = "Menlo Park, {CA}",
	PAGES = "136--144"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Don82, 
	AUTHOR = "Donlon, G.",  
	YEAR = 1982,
 	TITLE = "Using Resource Limited Inference in {SNePS}",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
        NUMBER = 10,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "10"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Nut82, 
	AUTHOR = "Nutter, J. T.", 
	YEAR = 1982,
	TITLE = "Defaults revisited or ``{T}ell me if you're guessing'' ", 
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference
                     of the Cognitive Science Society",
        ORGANIZATION = "the Program in Cognitive Science of The
		  University of Chicago and The University of Michigan",
	ADDRESS = "Ann Arbor, {MI}",
	PAGES = "67--69"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaMarMck82, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Martins, J. and McKay, D.",
	YEAR = 1982,
	TITLE = "Bi-directional inference", 
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference of
                    the Cognitive Science Society",
        PUBLISHER = "the Program in Cognitive Science of The
		  University of Chicago and The University of Michigan",
	ADDRESS = "Ann Arbor, {MI}",
	PAGES = "90--93"                 }

@ARTICLE{MaiSha82, 
	AUTHOR = "Maida, A. S. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1982,
	TITLE = "Intensional concepts in propositional semantic networks", 
	JOURNAL = "Cognitive Science",
	VOLUME = 6,
	NUMBER = 4,
	PAGES = "291--330",
	NOTE = "Reprinted in R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque, eds.
 		  {\em Readings in Knowledge Representation},
		  Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, {CA}, 1985, 170--189"   }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Mar83a, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. P.",
	YEAR = 1983,
	TITLE = "Belief revision in {MBR}",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1983 Conference on
                     Artificial Intelligence",
	ADDRESS = "Rochester, Michigan"     }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Nut83a, 
	AUTHOR = "Nutter, J. T.", 
	YEAR = 1983,
	TITLE = "What else is wrong with non-monotonic logics?:
                 {R}epresentational and informational shortcomings", 
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the
                     Cognitive Science Society",
	ADDRESS = "Rochester, {NY}",
	PAGES = "5"     }

@INPROCEEDINGS{AlmSha83, 
	AUTHOR = "Almeida, M. J. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1983,
 	TITLE = "Reasoning about the temporal structure of narrative texts",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the
                     Cognitive Science Society",
	ADDRESS = "Rochester, {NY}",
	PAGES = "5"		}


@PHDTHESIS{Mar83b, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. P.",
	YEAR = 1983,
	TITLE = "Reasoning in Multiple Belief Spaces",
	SCHOOL = "Technical Report 203, Department of Computer Science,
		  University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "381"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{MarSha83, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1983,
	TITLE = "Reasoning in multiple belief spaces",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Eighth International
                     Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "370--373"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Nut83b, 
	AUTHOR = "Nutter, J. T.",
	YEAR = 1983,
	TITLE = "Default reasoning using monotonic logic: a modest proposal",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of The National Conference on
	             Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "297--300"                 }

@MASTERSTHESIS{Nut83c, 
	AUTHOR = "Nutter, J. T.", 
	YEAR = 1983,
	TITLE = "Default Reasoning in {A.I.} Systems",
	SCHOOL = "Technical Report 204, Department of Computer Science,
		  University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "82"                 }

@TECHREPORT{MorSha83, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{MorSha85}",
	AUTHOR = "Morgado, E. J. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1983,
	TITLE = "Believing and Acting:  An Approach to
                 Meta-Knowledge and Meta-Reasoning",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 11,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",}

@INPROCEEDINGS{RapSha84, 
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1984,
	TITLE = "Quasi-Indexical Reference in Propositional
                 Semantic Networks", 
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of Coling--84",
	PUBLISHER = "The Association for Computational Linguistics",
	PAGES = "65--70"                 }

@TECHREPORT{NeaSha84, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{NeaSha87b}",
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1984,
	TITLE = "Knowledge-based parsing",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
        NUMBER = 213,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "70"             }

@MASTERSTHESIS{Rap84, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{Rap86b}",
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1984,
	TITLE = "Belief Representation and Quasi-Indicators",
	SCHOOL = "Technical Report 215,
		  Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "164"                }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Mar84, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1984,
 	TITLE = "A Model for Belief Revision",
	BOOKTITLE = "Non-Monotonic Reasoning Workshop",
        ORGANIZATION = "The American Association for Artificial Intelligence",
	PAGES = "241--294"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ XiaSriShaChu84, 
	AUTHOR = "Xiang, Z. and Srihari, S. N. and Shapiro,
                  S. C. and Chutkow, J. G.",
	YEAR = 1984,
	TITLE = "Analogical and propositional representation of
                 structure in neurological diagnosis",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proc. First Conference on Artificial
                     Intelligence Applications",
	PUBLISHER = "{IEEE} Computer Society Press",
	ADDRESS = "Silver Spring, {MD}",
	PAGES = "127--132"                 }

@PHDTHESIS{Nea85, 
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "A Knowledge Based Approach to Natural Language Understanding",
	SCHOOL = "Technical Report 85--06,
		  Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "226"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Rap85a, 
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "Meinongian Semantics for Propositional Semantic Networks",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the
		  Association for Computational Linguistics",
        PUBLISHER = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
        ADDRESS = "Morristown, NJ",
	PAGES = "43--48"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Sak85, 
	AUTHOR = "Saks, V.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "A Matcher for Intensional Semantic Networks",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
        NUMBER = 12,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "30"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Suc85, 
	AUTHOR = "Suchin, J.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "A Semantic Network Representation of the
	         Peripheral Nervous System",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 13, 
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "33"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{MorSha85, 
	AUTHOR = "Morgado, E. J. and Shapiro, S. C.", 
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "Believing and acting:  {A} study of meta-knowledge
                 and meta-reasoning",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of {EPIA}-85  (``Encontro Portugues
	             de Inteligencia Artificial'') ",
	ADDRESS = "Oporto, Portugal",
	PAGES = "138--154"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{XiaSriShaChu85, 
	AUTHOR = "Xiang, Z. and Srihari, S. N. and Shapiro, S. C.
                  and Chutkow, J. G.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "A modeling scheme for diagnosis",
	BOOKTITLE = "Expert Systems in Government Symposium",
	PUBLISHER = "{IEEE} Computer Society Press",
	ADDRESS = "Washington, {DC}",
	PAGES = "538--547"                 }

@TECHREPORT{ShaRap85, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaRap87b}",
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "{SNePS} Considered as a Fully Intensional Semantic Network",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
 	NUMBER = "85--15",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "46"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Rap85b, 
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "Logic and Artificial Intelligence",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
 	NUMBER = "85--16",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "44"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{NeaSha85, 
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "Parsing as a form of inference in a
                 multiprocessing environment",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Conference on Intelligent
                     Systems and Machines",
	INSTITUTION = "Oakland University",
	ADDRESS = "Rochester, Michigan",
	PAGES = "19--24"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{XiaChuShaSri85, 
	AUTHOR = "Xiang, Z. and Chutkow, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C.
                  and Srihari, S. N.",
	YEAR = 1985,
	TITLE = "Representation of spatial structure and function in diagnosis",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Second Conference on
                     Artificial Intelligence Applications",
	PUBLISHER = "{IEEE} Computer Society Press",
	ADDRESS = "Silver Spring, {MD}",
	PAGES = "223--228"                 }

@TECHREPORT{HolGarOst86,
	AUTHOR = "Holynski, M. and Gardner, B. R. and Ostrovsky, R.", 
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Towards an intelligent computer graphics system",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
 	NUMBER = "86--003",
	INSTITUTION = "Computer Science Department, Boston University",
	PAGES = "24",
        NOTE = "Out of print."}

@ARTICLE{ShaSriGelTai86, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Srihari, S. N. and Geller, J.
                  and Taie, {M.-R.}",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "A fault diagnosis system based on an integrated
                 knowledge base",
	JOURNAL = "{IEEE} Software",
	VOLUME = 3,
	NUMBER = 2,
	PAGES = "48--49"                 }

@ARTICLE{XiaChuShaSri86, 
	AUTHOR = "Xiang, Z. and Chutkow, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C.
                  and Srihari, S. N.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Computerized neurological diagnosis:  {A} paradigm
                 of modeling and reasoning",
	JOURNAL = "Health Care Instrumentation",
	VOLUME = 1,
	NUMBER = 3,
	PAGES = "90--105"                 }

@INCOLLECTION{MarSha86a, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Theoretical foundations for belief revision",
	BOOKTITLE = "Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge",
	EDITOR = "J. Y. Halpern",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "383--398"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaSriTaiGel86, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Srihari, S. N. and Taie, M.-R.
                  and Geller, J.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "{VMES}: {A} network-based versatile maintenance expert system",
	BOOKTITLE = "Applications of Artificial Intelligence to
                     Engineering Problems: Proceedings of The 1st
	             International Conference",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer--Verlag",
	ADDRESS = "Berlin",
	PAGES = "925--936"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{MarSha86b, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Hypothetical reasoning",
	BOOKTITLE = "Applications of Artificial Intelligence to
                     Engineering Problems: Proceedings of The 1st
	             International Conference",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer--Verlag",
	ADDRESS = "Berlin",
	PAGES = "1029--1042"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Hul86, 
	AUTHOR ="Hull, R. G.", 
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "A New Design for {SNIP} the {SNePS} Inference Package",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 14,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "49"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{TaiSriGelSha86, 
	AUTHOR = "Taie, M. R. and Srihari, S. N. and Geller, J.
 	          and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Device Representation Using Instantiation Rules
                 and Structural Templates",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Sixth Canadian Conference
 	             on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Presses de l'Universit\'{e} du Qu\'{e}bec",
	PAGES = "124--128"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{MarSha86c, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Belief Revision in {SNePS}",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Sixth Canadian Conference
 	             on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Presses de l'Universit\'{e} du Qu\'{e}bec",
	PAGES = "230--234"                 }

@TECHREPORT{CamSha86, 
	AUTHOR = "Campbell, S. S. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Using Belief Revision to Detect Faults in Circuits",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 15,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "17"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Rap86a, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{Rap88a}",
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Syntactic Semantics:  Foundations of Computational
	         Natural-Language Understanding",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "86--24",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "14"                 }

@TECHREPORT{RapShaWie86, 
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J. and Shapiro, S. C. and Wiebe, J. M. ",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Quasi-Indicators, Knowledge Reports, and Discourse.",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "86--15",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Superceded by \cite{RapShaWie95a}"}

@ARTICLE{HarRap86, 
	AUTHOR = "Hardt, S. L. and {Rapaport (eds.)}, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Recent and Current Artificial Intelligence Research in
                 the {Department of Computer Science, SUNY Buffalo}",
	JOURNAL = "{AI} Magazine",
	VOLUME = 7,
	NUMBER = 2,
	PAGES = "91--100"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaRap86, 
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaRap87b}",
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "{SNePS} Considered as a Fully Intensional
                 Propositional Semantic Network",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proc. Fifth National Conference on
	             Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "278--283"                 }

@PhdThesis{Mor86,
  author = 	 "Ernesto J. M. Morgado",
  title = 	 "Semantic Networks as Abstract Data Types",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 86-19, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1986,
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY",
  note =	 "318 pages"
}

@TECHREPORT{BruDucRapSegShaZub86, 
	AUTHOR = "Bruder, G. A. and Duchan, J. F. and Rapaport, W. J.
                  and Segal, E. M. and Shapiro, S. C. and Zubin, D. A.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Deictic Centers in Narrative: An Interdisciplinary
	         Cognitive-Science Project.",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "86--20",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "32 pages"}

@ARTICLE{Sha86, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.", 
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Symmetric relations, intensional individuals,
                 and variable binding",
	JOURNAL = "Proceedings of the {IEEE}",
	VOLUME = 74,
	NUMBER = 10,
	PAGES = "1354--1363"                 }

@ARTICLE{WieRap86, 
	AUTHOR = "Wiebe, J. M. and Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Representing {\em De Re\/ {\em and} De Dicto\/}
	         Belief Reports in Discourse and Narrative",
	JOURNAL = "Proceedings of the {IEEE}",
	VOLUME = 74,
	NUMBER = 10,
	PAGES = "1405--1413"                 }

@ARTICLE{Rap86b, 
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Logical Foundations for Belief Representation",
	JOURNAL = "Cognitive Science",
        VOLUME = 10,
	PAGES = "371--422"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaGel86, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Geller, J.",
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "Artificial intelligence and automated design",
	BOOKTITLE = "The Computability of Design: Proceedings of
	             the 1986 {SUNY} Buffalo Symposium on {CAD}",
	INSTITUTION = "School of Architecture and Environmental
	               Design, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "unpaginated, 13 pp"     }

@TECHREPORT{Vbl86, 
	AUTHOR = "Van Blargan, J.", 
	YEAR = 1986,
	TITLE = "An Introduction to {SNePS II}",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 16,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "39"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Cha87, 
	AUTHOR = "Chan, C. M.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Forward Path-Based Inference in {SNePS}",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 17,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "46"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{TaiGelSriSha87, 
	AUTHOR = "Taie, M. R. and Geller, J. and Srihari, S. N.
                  and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Knowledge Based Modeling of Circuit Boards",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and
                     Maintainability Symposium",
	PUBLISHER = "{IEEE}",
	PAGES = "422--427"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Li87, 
	AUTHOR = "Naicong Li",
	YEAR = 1986,
        MONTH = "January",
	TITLE = "Pronoun Resolution in {SNePS}",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 18,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "10"                 }

@TECHREPORT{SriRapKum87, 
	AUTHOR = "Srihari, S. N. and Rapaport, W. J. and Kumar, D.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "On Knowledge Representation Using Semantic
                 Networks and Sanskrit",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "87--03",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "14"                 }

@INCOLLECTION{NeaSha87a, 
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Knowledge representation for reasoning about language",
	EDITOR = "J. C. Boudreaux and B. W. Hamill and R. Jernigan",
	BOOKTITLE = "The Role of Language in Problem Solving 2",
	PUBLISHER = "Elsevier Science Publishers",
	PAGES = "27--46"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Chu87, 
	AUTHOR = "Chun, S. A.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "{SNePS} Implementation of Possessive Phrases",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 19,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "12"                 }

@TECHREPORT{YuhSha87, 
	AUTHOR = "Yuhan, A. H. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Design of an Incremental Compiler for a
                 Production-system {ATN} Machine", 
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "87--09",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "38"                 }

@PHDTHESIS{Alm87, 
	AUTHOR = "Almeida, M. J.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Reasoning About the Temporal Structure of Narratives",
	SCHOOL = "Technical Report 87--10,
		  Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "185"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Nut87, 
	AUTHOR = "Nutter, J. T.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Assimilation:  {A} strategy for implementing
	         self-reorganizing knowledge bases",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference
                     on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Angeles, {CA}",
	PAGES = "449--453"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{PetSha87a, 
	AUTHOR = "Peters, S. L. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "A representation for natural category systems",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference
                     of the Cognitive Science Society",
	PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers",
	PAGES = "379--390"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{GelSha87, 
	AUTHOR = "Geller, J. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Graphical deep knowledge for intelligent machine drafting",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
                     Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Angeles, {CA}",
	PAGES = "545--551"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{PetSha87b, 
	AUTHOR = "Peters, S. L. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "A representation for natural category systems",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
	             Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "140--146"                  }

@INCOLLECTION{NeaSha87b, 
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Knowledge-based parsing",
	BOOKTITLE = "Natural Language Parsing Systems",
	EDITOR = "L. Bolc",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer--Verlag",
	ADDRESS = "Berlin",
	PAGES = "49--92"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaRap87a, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, J. W.",
	YEAR = 1987,
 	TITLE = "Knowledge Representation for Natural Language Processing",
	BOOKTITLE = "1987 Natural Language Planning Workshop",
        ORGANIZATION = "Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium,
			Minnowbrook, NY",
	PAGES = "56--77",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaRap91a}."}


@INCOLLECTION{ShaGel87, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Geller, J.",
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "Artificial intelligence and automated design",
	BOOKTITLE = "Computability of Design",
	EDITOR = "Y. Kalay",
	PUBLISHER = "John Wiley",
	PAGES = "173--187"                 }

@INCOLLECTION{ShaRap87b, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, W. J.", 
	YEAR = 1987,
	TITLE = "{SNePS} considered as a fully intensional
	         propositional semantic network",
	BOOKTITLE = "The Knowledge Frontier",
	EDITOR = "N. Cercone and G. McCalla",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer--Verlag",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	PAGES = "263--315"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{FoxNutAhlEveMar88, 
	AUTHOR = "Fox, E. A. and Nutter, J. T. and Ahlswede, T.
                  and Evens, M.  and Markowitz, J.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "Building a large thesaurus for information retrieval",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Second Conference on Applied
                     Natural Language Processing",
	PUBLISHER = "{ACL}",
	ADDRESS = "Austin, {TX}",
	PAGES = "101--108"                 }

@INCOLLECTION{Rap88a, 
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "Syntactic semantics:  Foundations of computational
                 natural-language understanding",
	BOOKTITLE = "Aspects of Artificial Intelligence",
	EDITOR = "J. Fetzer",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
	ADDRESS = "Dordrecht, Holland",
	PAGES = "81--131",
	NOTE = "Reprinted in E. Dietrich, editor, {\em Thinking
		  Computers \& Virtual Persons: Essays on the
		  Intentionality of Machines,} pages 225--273.
		  Academic Press, San Diego, 1994."
                 }

@TECHREPORT{ShaRap88,
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1988,
 	TITLE = "Models and Minds:  {A} Reply to {B}arnden",
	TYPE = "Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium
		 Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "TR--8737",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaRap91a}."}

@INPROCEEDINGS{NeaSha88, 
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "Intelligent multi-media interface technology",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proc. Architectures for Intelligent Interfaces:
	             Elements and Prototypes",
	EDITOR = "J.W Sullivan and S.W. Tyler",
	ADDRESS = "Lockheed {AI} Center",
	PAGES = "69--91",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{NeaSha91}."}

@ARTICLE{MarSha88, 
	AUTHOR = "Martins, J. P. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = "1988",
	TITLE = "A model for belief revision",
	JOURNAL = "Artificial Intelligence",
	VOLUME = 35,
	NUMBER = 1,
	PAGES = "25--79"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{WieRap88,
	AUTHOR = "Wiebe, J. M. and Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "A Computational Theory of Perspective
		 and Reference in Narrative",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting of the
		     Association for Computational Linguistics",
	PUBLISHER = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
	PAGES = "131--138"                 }

@TECHREPORT{Rap88b, 
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "A knowledge-representation challenge for {SNePS}",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 20,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "17"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{NeaBetByoDobThi88,
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Bettinger, K. E. and Byoun, J. S.
		  and Dobes, Z. and Thielman, C. Y.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = " An Intelligent Multi-Media Human-Computer Dialogue System",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Workshop on Space,
		     Operations, Automation, and Robotics, (SOAR88)",
	PUBLISHER = "Wright State University, Dayton, OH",
	PAGES = "7"                 }


@TECHREPORT{RobRap88, 
	AUTHOR = "Roberts, L. D. and Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "Quantifier Order, Reflexive Pronouns, and
	         Quasi-indexicals: Essay, Comments, and Reply",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "88--16",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "24"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{PetShaRap88, 
	AUTHOR = "Peters, S. L. and Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "Flexible Natural Language Processing
		 and {R}oschian Category Theory",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference
                     of the Cognitive Science Society",
	PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers",
	PAGES = "125--131"                 }


@INPROCEEDINGS{NeaDobBetByo88,
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Dobes, Z. and Bettinger, K. E.
		  and Byoun, J. S.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "Multi-Modal References in Human-Computer Dialogue",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
		  Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	PAGES = "819--823"                 }


@INPROCEEDINGS{Sha88, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = " Representing Plans and Acts",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on
                     Conceptual Graphs",
	PUBLISHER = "The American Association for Artificial
	      	     Intelligence, Menlo Park, CA",
	PAGES = "3.2.7-1 -- 3.2.7-6"           }

@INCOLLECTION{KumAliSha88,
	AUTHOR = "Deepak Kumar and Syed Ali and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1988,
	TITLE = "Discussing, Using and Recognizing Plans in {SNePS}
			Preliminary Report---{SNACTor}:  An Acting System",
	BOOKTITLE = "Modern Trends in Information Technology:
			Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial Convention of 
                        South East Asia Regional Computer Confederation",
        EDITOR = "P V S Rao and P Sadanandan",
	PUBLISHER = "Tata McGraw-Hill",
        ADDRESS = "New Delhi, India",
	PAGES = "177--182"                 }

@ARTICLE{Rap88c, 
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = "1988",
	TITLE = "To Think or Not to Think",
	JOURNAL = "No\^{u}s",
	VOLUME = 22,
	NUMBER = 4,
	PAGES = "585--609"                 }

@MANUAL {ShaSIG89, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and The {SNePS} Implementation Group",
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "{SNePS-2} User's Manual",
	ORGANIZATION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaSIG94}."}

@UNPUBLISHED {Sha89a, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "Formal Foundations of an Intensional
		 Propositional Semantic Network",
	NOTE = "Presented at the Workshop on Formal Aspects of
		Semantic Networks, Santa Catalina Island, CA.
			Superseded by \cite{Sha91a}."}

@TECHREPORT{RapSegShaZubBruDucAlmDanGalWieYuh89,
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J. and Segal, E. M. and Shapiro, S. C.
		and Zubin, D. A. and Bruder, G. A. and Duchan, J. F. and
		Almeida, M. J. and Daniels, J. H. and Galbraith, M. 
		and Wiebe, J. M. and Yuhan, A. H.",
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "Deictic Centers and the Cognitive Structure
		of Narrative Comprehension",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "89--01",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "36"           }

	
@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaKumAli89, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Kumar, D. and Ali, S.",
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "A Propositional Network Approach to Plans and
		Plan Recognition",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1988 Workshop on Plan Recognition",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "Los Altos, {CA}",
	PAGES = "21"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{NeaThiFunByo89,
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Thielman, C. Y. and Funke, D. J.
		  and Byoun, J. S.",
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "Multi-Modal Output Composition for Human-Computer Dialogues",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1989 IEEE AI Systems
		     in Government Conference",
	ADDRESS = "George Washington Univ., Wash. D.C.",
	PUBLISHER = "IEEE",
	PAGES = "250--257"      }

@TECHREPORT{RapSegShaZubBruDucMar89,
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J. and Segal, E. M. and Shapiro, S. C.
		and Zubin, D. A. and Bruder, G. A. and Duchan, J. F. and
		Mark, D. M.",
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "Cognitive and Computer Systems for
		 Understanding Narrative Text",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "89--07",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "35"           }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Sha89b, 
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "The {CASSIE} Projects:  {A}n Approach to
		Natural Language Competence",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 4th Portugese Conference
		on Artificial Intelligence",
	ADDRESS = "Lisbon, Portugal",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "362--380"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{NeaThiDobHalSha89,
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Thielman, C. Y. and Dobes, Z.
		  and Haller, S. M. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "Natural Language with Integrated Deictic
		 and Graphic Gestures",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the DARPA Speech
		     and Natural Language Workshop",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	PAGES = "14"       }

@MISC{NeaThiDobHalGlaSha89,
	AUTHOR = "Neal, J. G. and Thielman, C. Y. and Dobes, Z. and
		  Haller, S. M. and Glanowski, S. and Shapiro, S. C.", 
	YEAR = 1989,
	TITLE = "{CUBRICON}: A Multi-Modal User Interface.
		{P}resented at the {GIS/LIS} '89 {C}onference",
	ADDRESS = "Orlando, Florida",
	PAGES = "8"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ShaMar89,
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Martins, J. P.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Recent Advances and Developments --
		The {SNePS} 2.1 Report",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "1--13"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{CraMar89,
	AUTHOR = "Cravo, M. R. and Martins, J. P.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Path-based Inference Revisited",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "15--26"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{MamMar89,
	AUTHOR = "Mamede, N. J. and Martins, J. P.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Expanding {SNePS} Capabilities with {LORE}",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "27--39"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Gel89,
	AUTHOR = "Geller, J.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Order Dependence of Declarative Knowledge Representation",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "41--54"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Kum89,
	AUTHOR = "Kumar, D.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "An Integrated Model of Acting and Inference",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "55--65"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Dip89,
	AUTHOR = "Dipert, R. R.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "The Structure of Agency:  Issues in the Representation
		 of Agency and Action",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "67--84"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{SriRap89,
	AUTHOR = "Srihari, R. K. and Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Exacting Visual Information From Text:  Using Captions
		to Label Human Faces in Newspaper Photographs",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "85--96"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Nut89,
	AUTHOR = "Nutter, J. T.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Knowledge Based Lexicons",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "97--106"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Rap89,
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport, W. J.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Representing Fiction in {SNePS}",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "107--121"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{Wya89,
	AUTHOR = "Wyatt, R.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Kinds of Opacity and Their Representations",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "123--144"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{RapEve89,
	AUTHOR = "Rapp, C. and Evens, M.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Design of an Emotion Profiler Using {SNePS}",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "145--152"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{CliNut89,
	AUTHOR = "Cline, B. E. and Nutter, J. T.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Implications of Natural Catagories for
		Natural Language Generation",
	BOOKTITLE = "Current Trends in {SNePS}--Semantic Network
		     Processing System: Proceedings of the First
		     Annual {SNePS} Workshop",
	EDITOR = "D. Kumar",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "153--162"      }

@INPROCEEDINGS{KumAliHaaSha90,
	AUTHOR = "Kumar, D. and Ali, S. S. and Haas, J. and Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE =	"The {SNePS} Acting System",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Fifth Annual University
			at Buffalo Graduate Conference on Computer Science",
	EDITOR = "Bettinger, K. E. and Srikantan, G.",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "91--100"    }

@PHDTHESIS{Wie90, 
	AUTHOR = "Wiebe, J. M.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Recognizing Subjective Sentences: 
		A Computational Investigation of Narrative Text",
	SCHOOL = "Technical Report 90-03,
		  Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "372"                 }

@TECHREPORT{ShaRap90a,
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport,  W. J.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Models and Minds:  Knowledge Representation
		for Natural-Language Competence",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "90--10",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaRap91a}."}

@TECHREPORT{Rap90,
	AUTHOR = "Rapaport,  William J.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Predication, fiction, and artificial intelligence",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "90--11",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{Rap91a}."}

@TECHREPORT{Lam90, 
	AUTHOR = "Lammens, J. M.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Cultural Literacy:  Educating {C}assie?",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 21,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	PAGES = "61"                 }

@INPROCEEDINGS{HalAli90,
	AUTHOR = "Susan M. Haller and Syed S. Ali",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE =	"Using Focus for Generating Felicitous Locative Expressions",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
		 	Industrial and Engineering Applications of
		 	Artificial Intelligence",
	ORGANIZATION = "Association for Computing Machinery",
	ADDRESS = "Charleston, {SC}",
	NOTE = "To appear",
	PAGES = "6"      }

@TECHREPORT{ShaRap90b,
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and Rapaport,  W. J.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "The {SNePS} Family",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "90--21",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaRap92a}."}

@TECHREPORT{Sha90b,
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C.",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = " Case Studies of {SNePS}",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "90--29",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{Sha91b}."}

@INPROCEEDINGS{PetRap90,
	AUTHOR = "Sandra L. Peters and William J. Rapaport",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE =	"Superordinate and Basic Level Categories in
			Discourse:  Memory and Context",
	BOOKTITLE = "Program of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the
			Cognitive Science Society",
	PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
	ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, NJ",
	PAGES = "157--165"      }

@ARTICLE{Rap91a,
	AUTHOR = "William J. Rapaport",
	YEAR = "1991",
	TITLE = "Predication, Fiction, and Artificial Intelligence",
	JOURNAL = "Topoi",
	VOLUME = 10,
	PAGES = "79--111"}

@INCOLLECTION{NeaSha91,
	AUTHOR = "Jeannette G. Neal and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1991,
	TITLE = "Intelligent Multi-Media Interface Technology",
	BOOKTITLE = "Intelligent User Interfaces",
	EDITOR = "Joseph W. Sullivan and Sherman W. Tyler",
	PUBLISHER = "Addison Wesley",
	ADDRESS = "Reading, MA",
	PAGES = "11--43"}

@INCOLLECTION{Sha91a,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1991,
	TITLE = "Cables, Paths and {``}Subconsious{''} Reasoning
		in Propositional Semantic Networks",
	BOOKTITLE = "Principles of Semantic Networks",
	EDITOR = "John F. Sowa",
	PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
	ADDRESS = "San Mateo, CA",
	CHAPTER= 4,
	PAGES = "137--156"}

@ARTICLE{Sha91b,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1991,
	TITLE = "Case Studies of {SNePS}",
	JOURNAL = "{SIGART} Bulletin",
	VOLUME = 2,
	NUMBER = 3,
	MONTH = "June",
	PAGES = "128--134"}

@TECHREPORT{ShaChaCho91,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro and Hans Chalupsky and
			Hsueh-Cheng Chou",
	YEAR = 1991,
	MONTH = "July",
	TITLE = "Connecting {ARC/INFO} and {SNACTor}",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "91-13",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaChaChoMar92}"}

@ARTICLE{KumSha91,
	AUTHOR = "Deepak Kumar and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = "1991",
	TITLE = "Architecture of an Intelligent Agent in {SNePS}",
	JOURNAL = "{SIGART} Bulletin",
	VOLUME = 2,
	NUMBER = 4,
	MONTH = "August",
	PAGES = "89--92"}

@TECHREPORT{Lus91, 
	AUTHOR = "Christopher M. Lusardi",
	YEAR = 1991,
	MONTH = "September",
	TITLE = "A {SNePS/Cassie} Implementation of Parts of the
			Dictionary of Cultural Literacy",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 22,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "74 pages"}

@INCOLLECTION{KumSha91b, 
	AUTHOR = "Deepak Kumar and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1991,
	TITLE = "Modeling a Rational Cognitive Agent in {SNePS}",
	BOOKTITLE = "EPIA 91: 5th Portugese Conference
		on Artificial Intelligence, Lecture Notes in
		Artificial Intelligence 541",
	EDITOR = "P. Barahona and L. Moniz Pereira and A. Porto",
	ADDRESS = "Heidelberg",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "120--134"}

@INCOLLECTION{ChoSha91a,
	AUTHOR = "Joongmin Choi and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	TITLE = "Experience-Based Deductive Learning",
	BOOKTITLE = "Third International Conference on Tools for Artificial
			Intelligence TAI '91", 
	YEAR = 1991,
	PUBLISHER = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
	ADDRESS = "Los Alamitos, CA",
	PAGES = "502--503"}

@INCOLLECTION{ShaRap91a,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rapaport", 
	YEAR = 1991,
	TITLE = "Models and Minds:  Knowledge Representation for
		Natural-Language Competence",
	BOOKTITLE = "Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface",
	PAGES = "215--259",
	EDITOR = "Robert Cummins and John Pollock",
	PUBLISHER = "{MIT} Press",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA"}

@INCOLLECTION{ChoSha92a,
	AUTHOR = "Joongmin Choi and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	TITLE = "Efficient Implementation of Non-Standard Connectives
			and Quantifiers in Deductive Reasoning Systems", 
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii
			International Conference on System Sciences",
	YEAR = 1992,
	PUBLISHER = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
	ADDRESS = "Los Alamitos, CA",
	PAGES = "381--390"}

@ARTICLE{ShaRap92a,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rapaport",
	YEAR = "1992",
	TITLE = "The {SNePS} Family",
	JOURNAL = "Computers \& Mathematics with Applications",
	VOLUME = 23,
	NUMBER = "2--5",
	MONTH = "January--March",
	PAGES = "243--275"}

@INCOLLECTION{ShaRap92b,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rapaport", 
	YEAR = 1992,
	TITLE = "{SNePS} Considered as a Fully Intensional
			Propositional Semantic Network",
	BOOKTITLE = "Philosophy and the Computer",
	PAGES = "75--91",
	EDITOR = "Leslie Burkholder",
	PUBLISHER = "Westview Press",
	ADDRESS = "Boulder, CO",
	NOTE = "Slightly revised version of \cite{ShaRap86}.
		Superseded by \cite{ShaRap87b}."}

@MISC{Sha92a,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro", 
	YEAR = 1992,
	TITLE = "Relevance Logic in Computer Science",
	HOWPUBLISHED = "Section 83 of Alan Ross Anderson and Nuel D.
			Belnap, Jr. and J.  Michael Dunn {{\it et
			al.}} {\em Entailment, Volume II,} pages
			553--563. Princeton University Press,
			Princeton, NJ"}

@TECHREPORT{HexLamSha92a,
	AUTHOR = "Henry Hexmoor and Johan Lammens and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1992,
	MONTH = "September",
	TITLE = "An Autonomous Agent Architecture for Integrating
			Perception and Acting with Grounded, Embodied
			Symbolic Reasoning",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "92-21",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "22 pages"}

@TECHREPORT{Zai91, 
	AUTHOR = "Martin J. Zaidel",
	YEAR = 1991,
	MONTH = "May",
	TITLE = "{XGinseng}: An {X} Windows Graphic Display Tool for
		  {SNePS} Networks",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 23,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "18 pages"}

@TECHREPORT{Cam91,
	AUTHOR = "Daniel Campos",
	YEAR = 1991,
	MONTH = "September",
	TITLE = "Temporal Relations and Spanish Narrative: A Small
		  Step Towards Language Understanding",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 24,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "136 pages"}

@TECHREPORT{Lew92,
	AUTHOR = "John S. Lewocz",
	YEAR = 1992,
	MONTH = "August",
	TITLE = "{XGinseng}: An {X} Windows Editing and Display Tool for
		  {SNePS} Networks",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 25,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "9 pages"}

@INCOLLECTION{ShaChaChoMar92,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro and Hans Chalupsky and Hsueh-Cheng
		  Chou and David M. Mark",
	TITLE = "Intelligent User Interfaces: Connecting {ARC/INFO} and
		  {SNACTor,} a Semantic Network Based System for
		  Planning Actions",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual ESRI User
		  Conference, {V.} 3",
	YEAR = 1992,
	PUBLISHER = "Environmental Systems Research Institute",
	ADDRESS = "Redlands, California",
	PAGES = "151--165"}

@TECHREPORT{HexNut,
	AUTHOR = "Henry Hexmoor and Donald Nute",
	YEAR = 1992,
	MONTH = "September",
	TITLE = "Methods for Deciding What to Do Next and Learning",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "92-23",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "20 pages"}

@INCOLLECTION{Kum93,
	AUTHOR = "Deepak Kumar",
	TITLE = "A Unified Model of Acting and Inference",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Hawaii
			International Conference on System Sciences",
        PAGES = "483--492",
	YEAR = 1993,
        VOLUME = 3,
        EDITOR = "Nunamaker, Jr., Jay F. and Sprague, Jr., Ralph H.",
	PUBLISHER = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
	ADDRESS = "Los Alamitos, CA"
	}

@INCOLLECTION{Kum93b,
	AUTHOR = "Deepak Kumar",
	TITLE = "An {AI} Architecture Based on Message Passing",
	BOOKTITLE = "{Proceedings of The 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium on
		  Innovative Applications of Massively Parallel
		  Architectures}",
        EDITOR = "James Geller",
        PUBLISHER = "{AAAI} Press",
        MONTH = "March",
        PAGES = "127--131",
	YEAR = 1993}

@INCOLLECTION{Kum93c,
	AUTHOR = "Deepak Kumar",
	TITLE = "Rational Engines for {BDI} Architectures",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of The 1993 {AAAI} Spring Symposium on
		  Foundations of Automated Planning",
        EDITOR = "Amy Lansky",
        PUBLISHER = "{AAAI} Press",
        MONTH = "March",
	YEAR = 1993,
        PAGES = "78--82"}

@INCOLLECTION{HexCaiBidSha93,
	AUTHOR = "Henry Hexmoor and Guido Caicedo and Frank Bidwell
		  and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	TITLE = "Air Battle Simulation:  An Agent with `Conscious' and
		  `Unconscious' Layers",
	BOOKTITLE = "{UBGCCS} 93: Proceedings of The Eighth Annual
		  University at Buffalo Graduate Conference on
		  Computer Science, Technical Report No. 93-14",
        EDITOR = "Daniel F. Boyd",
        PUBLISHER = "Department of Computer Science, State University
		  of New York at Buffalo",
        ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
        MONTH = "March",
	YEAR = 1993,
        PAGES = "52--59"}

@INCOLLECTION{EhrRap93,
	AUTHOR = "Karen Ehrlich and William J. Rapaport",
	TITLE = "Vocabulary Expansion through Natural-Language Context",
	BOOKTITLE = "{UBGCCS} 93: Proceedings of The Eighth Annual
		  University at Buffalo Graduate Conference on
		  Computer Science, Technical Report No. 93-14",
        EDITOR = "Daniel F. Boyd",
        PUBLISHER = "Department of Computer Science, State University
		  of New York at Buffalo",
        ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
        MONTH = "March",
	YEAR = 1993,
        PAGES = "78--84"}

@INCOLLECTION{HexLamSha93,
	AUTHOR = "Henry Hexmoor and Johan Lammens and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	TITLE = "Embodiment in {GLAIR:} A Grounded Layered
		  Architecture with Integrated Reasoning for
		  Autonomous Agents",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of The Sixth Florida {AI} Research
		  Symposium ({FLAIRS 93})",
        EDITOR = "Douglas D. {Dankel II} and John Stewman",
        PUBLISHER = "the Florida {AI} Research Society",
        MONTH = "April",
	YEAR = 1993,
        PAGES = "325--329"}

@TECHREPORT{LamHexSha93a,
	AUTHOR = "Johan Lammens and Henry Hexmoor and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1993,
	MONTH = "April",
	TITLE = "Of Elephants and Men",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "93-13",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{LamHexSha95a}"}

@TECHREPORT{HexLamCaiSha93,
	AUTHOR = "Henry Hexmoor and Johan Lammens and Guido Caicedo
		  and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1993,
	MONTH = "April",
	TITLE = "Behavior Based AI, Cognitive Processes, and Emergent
		  Behaviors in Autonomous Agents",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "93-15",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "15 pages"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hal93,
	AUTHOR = "Susan M. Haller",
	YEAR = 1993,
	TITLE =	"Interactive Generation of Plan Justifications",
	BOOKTITLE = "Preprints of the Fourth European Workshop on
		  Natural Language Generation",
        MONTH = "April",
        ORGANIZATION = "{CNR}---Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and
		  {AI*IA}---Associazione Italiana per l'Intelligenza
		  Artificiale",
	PAGES = "79--89"}

@ARTICLE{Sha93,
	author = "Stuart C. Shapiro",
	title = "Belief Spaces as Sets of Propositions",
	journal = "Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial
		  Intelligence {(JETAI)}",
	volume = 5,
	number = "2\&3",
	year = 1993,
	MONTH = "April--September",
        PAGES = "225--235"}

@ARTICLE{KumSha92,
	AUTHOR = "Deepak Kumar and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	TITLE = "Deductive Efficiency, Belief Revision and Acting",
	JOURNAL = "Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial
		  Intelligence {(JETAI)}",
	VOLUME = 5,
	NUMBER = "2\&3",
	YEAR = 1993,
	MONTH = "April--September",
        PAGES = "167--177"}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ali93,
        AUTHOR = "Syed S. Ali",
        YEAR = 1993,
        TITLE = "A Structured Representation for Noun Phrases and Anaphora",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of
		  the Cognitive Science Society",
        PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
        ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, NJ",
        MONTH = "June",
        PAGES = "197--202"}

@ARTICLE{Kum94,
	author = "Deepak Kumar",
	title = "The {SNePS} {BDI} Architecture",
	journal = "Decision Support Systems", 
	year = 1996,
	volume = "16",
	pages = "3--19"
}

@ARTICLE{Sha93b,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro",
	TITLE = "Preface to Special Issue on Knowledge Representation
		  for Natural Language Processing",
	JOURNAL = "Minds and Machines",
	VOLUME = 3,
	NUMBER = 4,
	YEAR = 1993,
        MONTH = "November",
        PAGES = "377--380"}

@ARTICLE{AliSha93a,
	AUTHOR = "Syed S. Ali and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	TITLE = "Natural Language Processing using a Propositional
		  Semantic Network with Structured Variables",
	JOURNAL = "Minds and Machines",
	VOLUME = 3,
	NUMBER = 4,
	YEAR = 1993,
        MONTH = "November",
	PAGES = "421--451"}

@TECHREPORT{Hal93a,
	AUTHOR =	"Susan M. Haller",
	TITLE =		"Collaboration in an Interactive Model
                         of Plan Explanation. {In Proceedings of the
		         AAAI Fall Symposium on Human-Computer
		         Collaboration, Raliegh, North Carolina}",
	INSTITUTION =	 "AAAI",
	YEAR =		 1993,
	NUMBER =	"FS93-05",
	MONTH =		"October"}

@InCollection{Hal93b,
  author = 	 "Susan M. Haller",
  title = 	 "Planning for Intentions with Rhetorical Relations",
  booktitle = 	 "Intentionality and Structure in Discourse Relations",
  publisher = 	 "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  year = 	 "1993",
  editor = 	 "Owen Rambow",
  pages = 	 "23--26",
  month = 	 "June"}

@InCollection{Hal93c,
  author = 	 "Susan M. Haller",
  title = 	 "An Interactive Model for Plan Explanation",
  booktitle = 	 "{AI '93:} Proceedings of the 6th Australian Joint
		  Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
  publisher = 	 "World Scientific",
  year = 	 "1993",
  editor = 	 "Chris Rowles and Huan Liu and Norman Foo",
  pages = 	 "371--376",
  address =      "Singapore",
  month = 	 "November"}


@ARTICLE{Cha93a,
	AUTHOR = "Hans Chalupsky",
	TITLE = "Using Hypothetical Reasoning as a Method for Belief
		  Ascription", 
	JOURNAL = "Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial
		  Intelligence {(JETAI)}",
	VOLUME = 5,
	NUMBER = "2\&3",
	YEAR = 1993,
	MONTH = "April--September",
        PAGES = "119--133"}

@MastersThesis{Wya89a,
  author = 	 "Richard W. Wyatt",
  title = 	 "The Representation of Opaque Contexts",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 89--13,
		  Department of Computer Science, State University of
		  New York at Buffalo", 
  year = 	 "1989",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY",
  month =	 "December"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Haller94,
	AUTHOR = "Susan M. Haller",
	YEAR = 1994,
	TITLE = "A Model for Cooperative Interactive Plan Explanation",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 
                      The Tenth IEEE Conference on
                      Artificial Intelligence for Applications",
        PAGES = "254--260",
        PUBLISHER = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
	ADDRESS = "Los Alamitos, CA"}

%%%
%%% End of bibliography as of 7/17/94
%%%



@PhdThesis{Gel88,
  author = 	 "James Geller",
  title = 	 "A Knowledge Representation Theory for Natural
		  Language Graphics",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 88-15, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1988,
  month =        "July",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@TechReport{Rap90b,
  author = 	 "William J. Rapaport",
  title = 	 "Computer Processes and Virtual Persons:  Comments on
		  {C}ole's `{A}rtificial Intelligence and Personal Identity'",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, State University of
		  New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1990,
  number =	 "90-13",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY",
  month =	 "May"
}

@PhdThesis{Yuh91,
  author = 	 "Albert Hanyong Yuhan",
  title = 	 "Dynamic Computation of Spatial Reference Frames in
		  Narrative Understanding",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 91-03, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1991,
  month =        "February",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@PhdThesis{Sri91,
  author = 	 "Rohini Srihari",
  title = 	 "Extracting Visual Information from Text:  Using
		  Captions to Label Faces in Newspaper Photographs",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 91-17, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1991,
  month =        "November",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@PhdThesis{Cho93,
  author = 	 "Joongmin Choi",
  title = 	 "Experienced-Based Learning in Deductive Reasoning Systems",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 93-20, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1993,
  month =        "May",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{LamSha93,
  author = 	 "Johan M. Lammens and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title = 	 "Learning Symbolic names for Perceived Colors",
  booktitle =  "Machine Learning in Computer Vision: What, Why and
		  How?", 
  year = 	 1993,
  month =        "{AAAI-TR FSS-93-04}, October"
}

@TechReport{HexLamSha93b,
  author = 	 "Henry H. Hexmoor and Johan Lammens and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title = 	 "An Autonomous Agent Architecture for Integrating
		  ``Unconscious'' and ``Conscious'' Reasoned Behaviors",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, State University of
		  New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1993,
  type =	 "Technical Report",
  number =	 "93-37",
  month =        "August",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@Article{FunJeaPau,
  author = 	 "Douglas J. Funke and Jeannette G. Neal and Rajendra
		  D. Paul",
  title = 	 "An Approach to Intelligent Automated Window Management",
  journal =	 "Int. J. Man-Machine Studies",
  year =	 1993,
  volume =	 38,
  pages =	 "949--983"
}

@PhdThesis{Ali94,
  author = 	 "Syed S. Ali",
  title = 	 "A ``Natural Logic'' for Natural Language Processing
		  and Knowledge Representation",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 94-01, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1994,
  month =        "January",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@PhdThesis{Kum94b,
  author = 	 "Deepak Kumar",
  title = 	 "From Beliefs and Goals to Intentions and Actions: An
		  Amalgamated Model of Inference and Acting",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 94-04, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1994,
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@TechReport{Hex94a,
  author = 	 "Henry H. Hexmoor",
  title = 	 "What are Routines Good For?",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, State University of
		  New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1994,
  type =	 "Technical Report",
  number =	 "94-07",
  month =        "February",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@TechReport{Hex94b,
  author = 	 "Henry H. Hexmoor",
  title = 	 "A Methodology for Developing Competent Agents
		  without Sensor and Actuator Profusion",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, State University of
		  New York at Buffalo", 
  year = 	 1994,
  type =	 "Technical Report",
  number =	 "94-09",
  month =        "March",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@PhdThesis{Hil94a,
  author = 	 "Robin K. Hill",
  title = 	 "Issues of Semantics in a Semantic-Network
		  Representation of Belief",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 94-11, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1994,
  month =        "April",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY",
}

@InCollection{Hal94a,
  author = 	 "Susan M. Haller",
  title = 	 "Representing Discourse for Efficient Interactive
		  Generation",
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the Seventh {F}lorida Artificial
		  Intelligence Research Symposium",
  publisher =	 "the Florida AI Research Society",
  year =	 1994,
  month =        "May",
  editor =	 "Douglas D. Dankel II",
  pages =	 "179--183",
  address =	 "St. Petersburg, FL"
}

@InCollection{KumSha94a,
  author = 	 "Deepak Kumar and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title = 	 "Acting in Service of Inference (and {\it vice versa})",
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the Seventh {F}lorida Artificial
		  Intelligence Research Symposium",
  publisher =	 "the Florida AI Research Society",
  year =	 1994,
  month =        "May",
  editor =	 "Douglas D. Dankel II",
  pages =	 "207--211",
  address =	 "St. Petersburg, FL"
}

@PhdThesis{Lam94a,
  author = 	 "Johan M. Lammens",
  title = 	 "A Computational Model of Color Perception and Color Naming",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 94-26, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1994,
  month =        "June",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"
}

@TechReport{Rap94a,
  author = 	 "William J. Rapaport",
  title = 	 "Understanding Understanding:  Syntactic Semantics
		  and Computational Cognition",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, State University of
		  New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1994,
  type =	 "Technical Report",
  month =        "July",
  number =	 "94-28",
  note =         "Superseded by \cite{Rap95a}"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{ChaSha94a,
        AUTHOR = "Hans Chalupsky and Stuart C. Shapiro",
        YEAR = 1994,
        TITLE = "{SL}: A Subjective, Intensional Logic of Belief",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of
		  the Cognitive Science Society",
        PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
        ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, NJ",
        MONTH = "August",
        PAGES = "165--170"
}

@INCOLLECTION{NeaSha94,
	AUTHOR = "Jeannette G. Neal and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1994,
	TITLE = "Knowledge-Based Multimedia Systems",
	BOOKTITLE = "Multimedia Systems",
	EDITOR = "John F. Koegel Buford",
	PUBLISHER = "{ACM} Press/Addison Wesley",
	ADDRESS = "Reading, MA",
	PAGES = "403--438"}

@INCOLLECTION{HexLamCaiSha93b,
	AUTHOR = "Henry Hexmoor and Johan Lammens and Guido Caicedo
		  and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1993,
	TITLE = "Behaviour Based {AI}, Cognitive Processes, and Emergent
		  Behaviors in Autonomous Agents",
	BOOKTITLE = "Applications of Artificial Intelligence in
		  Engineering VIII",
        VOLUME = 2,
	EDITOR = "G. Rzevski and J. Pastor and R. Adey",
	PUBLISHER = "Computational Mechanics Publications with
		  Elsevier Applied Science",
	ADDRESS = "Southampton and London",
	PAGES = "447--461"
}

@MANUAL {ShaSIG94,
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and The {SNePS} Implementation Group",
	YEAR = 1994,
	TITLE = "{SNePS 2.1} User's Manual",
	ORGANIZATION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{ShaSIG95}"}

@PhdThesis{Hal94b,
  author = 	 "Susan M. Haller",
  title = 	 "Interactive Generation of Plan Descriptions and
		  Justifications",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 94-40, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1994,
  month =        "November",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"}

@INCOLLECTION{LamHexSha95a,
	AUTHOR = "Johan M. Lammens and Henry H. Hexmoor and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1995,
        PAGES = "312--344",
	TITLE = "Of Elephants and Men",
	BOOKTITLE = "The Biology and Technology of Intelligent
		  Autonomous Agents",
	EDITOR = "Luc Steels",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
        ADDRESS = "Berlin"}

@PhdThesis{Ehr95a,
  author = 	 "Karen Ehrlich",
  title = 	 "Automatic Vocabulary Expansion through Narrative Context",
  school = 	 "Technical Report 95-09, Department of Computer
		  Science, State University of New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1995,
  month =        "February",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY"}

@TechReport{EhrRap95a,
  author = 	 "Karen Ehrlich and William J. Rapaport",
  title = 	 "A Computational Theory of Vocabulary Expansion",
  institution =  "Department of Computer Science, State University of
		  New York at Buffalo",
  year = 	 1995,
  type =	 "Technical Report",
  month =        "March",
  address =	 "Buffalo, NY",
  number =	 "95-15"}

@INCOLLECTION{Hal95a,
	AUTHOR = "Susan Haller",
	YEAR = "1995",
	TITLE = "Planning Text for Interactive Plan Explanations",
	BOOKTITLE = "Intelligent Systems: Third Golden West
		  International Conference: Edited and Selected
		  Papers",
	EDITOR = "E. A. Yfantis",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
        ADDRESS = "Dordrecht, The Netherlands",
	PAGES = "61--67"
}

@INCOLLECTION{KumSha95a,
	AUTHOR = "Deepak Kumar and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = "1995",
	TITLE = "The {OK} {BDI} Architecture",
	BOOKTITLE = "Intelligent Systems: Third Golden West
		  International Conference: Edited and Selected
		  Papers",
	EDITOR = "E. A. Yfantis",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
        ADDRESS = "Dordrecht, The Netherlands",
	PAGES = "307--317",
	NOTE = "Superseded by \cite{KumSha94b}"}

@INCOLLECTION{Ali95a,
	AUTHOR = "Syed S. Ali",
	YEAR = "1995",
	TITLE = "{ANALOG}: A Knowledge Representation System for
		  Natural Language Processing",
	BOOKTITLE = "Intelligent Systems: Third Golden West
		  International Conference: Edited and Selected
		  Papers",
	EDITOR = "E. A. Yfantis",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
        ADDRESS = "Dordrecht, The Netherlands",
	PAGES = "327--332"
}

@INCOLLECTION{Hil95a,
	AUTHOR = "Robin K. Hill",
	YEAR = "1995",
	TITLE = "Non-Well-Founded Set Theory and the Circular
		  Semantics of Semantic Networks",
	BOOKTITLE = "Intelligent Systems: Third Golden West
		  International Conference: Edited and Selected
		  Papers",
	EDITOR = "E. A. Yfantis",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
        ADDRESS = "Dordrecht, The Netherlands",
	PAGES = "375--386"
}

@InCollection{ShaRap95a,
  author = 	 "Stuart C. Shapiro and William J. Rapaport",
  title = 	 "An Introduction to a Computational Reader of Narratives",
  booktitle =	 "Deixis in Narrative:  A Cognitive Science Perspective",
  publisher =	 "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 "Judith F. Duchan and Gail A. Bruder and Lynne E. Hewitt",
  pages =	 "79--105",
  address =	 "Hillsdale, NJ"
}

@InCollection{RapSha95a,
  author = 	 "William J. Rapaport and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title = 	 "Cognition and Fiction",
  booktitle =	 "Deixis in Narrative:  A Cognitive Science Perspective",
  publisher =	 "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 "Judith F. Duchan and Gail A. Bruder and Lynne E. Hewitt",
  pages =	 "107--128",
  address =	 "Hillsdale, NJ"
}

@InCollection{Alm95a,
  author = 	 "Michael J. Almeida",
  title = 	 "Time in Narratives",
  booktitle =	 "Deixis in Narrative:  A Cognitive Science Perspective",
  publisher =	 "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 "Judith F. Duchan and Gail A. Bruder and Lynne E. Hewitt",
  pages =	 "159--189",
  address =	 "Hillsdale, NJ"
}

@InCollection{YuhSha95a,
  author = 	 "Albert Hanyong Yuhan and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title = 	 "Computational Representation of Space",
  booktitle =	 "Deixis in Narrative:  A Cognitive Science Perspective",
  publisher =	 "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 "Judith F. Duchan and Gail A. Bruder and Lynne E. Hewitt",
  pages =	 "191--225",
  address =	 "Hillsdale, NJ"
}

@InCollection{Wie95a,
  author = 	 "Janyce M. Wiebe",
  title = 	 "References in Narrative Text",
  booktitle =	 "Deixis in Narrative:  A Cognitive Science Perspective",
  publisher =	 "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.",
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 "Judith F. Duchan and Gail A. Bruder and Lynne E. Hewitt",
  pages =	 "263--286",
  address =	 "Hillsdale, NJ"
}

@ARTICLE{Sha95a,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro",
	TITLE = "Computationalism",
	JOURNAL = "Minds and Machines",
	VOLUME = 5,
        NUMBER = 4,
        MONTH = "November",
	YEAR = 1995,
	PAGES = "517--524"}

@ARTICLE{HexKor95,
	AUTHOR = "Henry Hexmoor and David Kortenkamp",
	TITLE = "Issues on Building Software for Hardware Agents",
	JOURNAL = "The Knowledge Engineering Review",
	VOLUME = 10,
        NUMBER = 3,
	YEAR = 1995,
	PAGES = "301--304"}

@Article{KumSha94b,
  author = 	 "Deepak Kumar and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title = 	 "The {OK} {BDI} Architecture",
  journal =	 "International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools",
  volume =	 3,
  number =	 3,
  year =         1994,
  pages =	 "349--366",
  month =	 "March"
}

@MANUAL {ShaSIG95,
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and {The SNePS Implementation Group}",
	YEAR = 1995,
	TITLE = "{SNePS 2.3} User's Manual",
	ORGANIZATION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
        ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY"}


@InCollection{Rap95a,
  author = 	 "William J. Rapaport",
  title = 	 "Understanding Understanding:  Syntactic Semantics
		  and Computational Cognition",
  booktitle =	 "AI, Connectionism, and Philosophical Psychology",
  publisher =	 "Ridgeview",
  year =	 1995,
  editor =	 "James E. Tomberlin",
  volume =	 9,
  series =	 "Philosophical Perspectives",
  pages =	 "49--88",
  address =	 "Atascadero, CA"
}

@TECHREPORT{RapShaWie95a,
	AUTHOR = "William J. Rapaport and Stuart C. Shapiro and Janyce
		  M. Wiebe",
	YEAR = 1995,
	TITLE = "Quasi-Indexicals and Knowledge Reports",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "95-17",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "53 pages"
}

@InProceedings{ChaSha96a,
  author = 	 "Hans Chalupsky and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title = 	 "Reasoning about Incomplete Agents",
  booktitle =	 "Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
		  User Modeling {(UM-96)}",
  year =	 1996,
  pages =       "169--177",
  publisher =   "User Modeling, Inc."}

@TECHREPORT{Rap90a,
	AUTHOR = "William J. Rapaport",
	YEAR = 1990,
	TITLE = "Cognitive Science",
	TYPE = "Technical Report",
	NUMBER = "90-12",
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	NOTE = "10 pages"
}

@InProceedings{Cho92,
  author = 	 "Sung-Hye Cho",
  title = 	 "Representations of Collections in a Propositional
		  Semantic Network",
  booktitle =	 "Working Notes of the Spring Symposium on
		  Propositional Knowledge Representation",
  year =	 1992,
  organization = "AAAI",
  month =	 "March"
}

@Article{Sha96a,
  author = 	 "Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title = 	 "Formalizing English",
  journal =	 "International Journal of Expert Systems",
  year =	 1996,
  volume =	 9,
  number =       1,
  pages =        "151--171"
}

@INCOLLECTION{HalSha96a, 
	AUTHOR = "Susan M. Haller and Stuart C. Shapiro",
	YEAR = 1996,
	TITLE = "{IDP} --- An Interactive Discourse Planner",
	BOOKTITLE = "Trends in Natural Language Generation:
		An Artificial Intelligence Perspective , Lecture Notes in
		Artificial Intelligence 1036",
	EDITOR = "Giovanni Adorni and Mickael Zock",
	ADDRESS = "Berlin",
	PUBLISHER = "Springer-Verlag",
	PAGES = "144--167"}

@TECHREPORT{Har96,
	AUTHOR = "Brian Harris",
	YEAR = 1996,
	MONTH = "May",
	TITLE = "A Natural-Language {UNIX} Interpreter",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 26,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "25 pages"}

@TECHREPORT{DeA96,
	AUTHOR = "Jonathan De{A}ngelo",
	YEAR = 1996,
	MONTH = "June",
	TITLE = "Implementing Polysemy in a Knowledge Representation Scheme",
	TYPE = "{SNeRG} Technical Note",
	NUMBER = 27,
	INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, University at Buffalo",
	ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
	NOTE = "40 pages"}

@PhdThesis{Cha96,
  author = 	 {Hans Chalupsky},
  title = 	 {{SIMBA}: Belief Ascription by Way of Simulative Reasoning},
  school = 	 {Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
                  University at Buffalo},
  year = 	 1996,
  type =	 {{Ph.D.} dissertation, {T}echnical {R}eport 96-18},
  address =	 {Buffalo, NY}
}

@InProceedings{EhrRap97,
  author = 	 {Karen Ehrlich and William J. Rapaport},
  title = 	 {A Computational Theory of Vocabulary Expansion},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the
                  Cognitive Science Society},
  pages =	 {205-210},
  year =	 1997,
  address =	 {Mahwah, NJ},
  publisher =	 {Lawrence Erlbaum Associates}
}

@Article{RapShaWie97,
  author = 	 {William J. Rapaport and Stuart C. Shapiro and Janyce
                  M. Wiebe},
  title = 	 {Quasi-Indexicals and Knowledge Reports},
  journal = 	 {Cognitive Science},
  year = 	 1997,
  volume =	 21,
  number =	 1,
  pages =	 {63--107},
  month =	 {January--March},
  note =         {Reprinted in \cite[pp. 235--294]{OriRap98}}
}

@InCollection{HexSha97,
  author = 	 {Henry Hexmoor and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {Integrating Skill and Knowledge in Expert Agents},
  booktitle = 	 {Expertise in Context},
  pages =	 {383--404},
  publisher =	 {AAAI Press/MIT Press},
  year =	 1997,
  editor =	 {P. J. Feltovich and K. M. Ford and R. R. Hoffman},
  address =	 {Cambridge, MA}
}

@InCollection{NeaThiDobHalSha98,
  author = 	 {J. G. Neal and C. Y. Thielman and Z. Dobes and
                  S. M. Haller and S. C. Shapiro}, 
  title = 	 {Natural Language with Integrated Deictic and Graphic
                  Gestures},
  booktitle = 	 {Readings in Intelligent User Interfaces},
  pages =	 {38--51},
  publisher =	 {Morgan Kaufmann},
  year =	 1998,
  editor =	 {M. T. Maybury and W. Wahlster},
  address =	 {San Francisco}
}

@Book{OriRap98,
  editor =	 {Francesco Orilia and William J. Rapaport},
  title = 	 {Thought, Language, and Ontology: Essays in Memory of
                  Hector-Neri Casta\~{n}eda},
  publisher = 	 {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  year = 	 1998,
  address =	 {Dordrecht}
}

@InCollection{KumMee98a,
  author = 	 {Deepak Kumar and Lisa Meeden},
  title = 	 {A Hybrid Connectionist and {BDI} Architecture for
                  Modeling Enbedded Rational Agents},
  booktitle = 	 {Cognitive Robotics: Papers from the 1998 AAAI Fall
                  Symposium, Technical Report FS-98-02},
  pages =	 {84--90},
  publisher =	 {{AAAI} Press},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 {Menlo Park, California},
  month =	 {October}
}

@InCollection{Sha98a,
  author = 	 {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {Embodied {Cassie}},
  booktitle = 	 {Cognitive Robotics: Papers from the 1998 AAAI Fall
                  Symposium, Technical Report FS-98-02},
  pages =	 {136--143},
  publisher =	 {{AAAI} Press},
  year =	 1998,
  address =	 {Menlo Park, California},
  month =	 {October}
}

@MANUAL {ShaSIG98a,
	AUTHOR = "Shapiro, S. C. and {The SNePS Implementation Group}",
	YEAR = 1998,
	TITLE = "{SNePS 2.4} User's Manual",
	ORGANIZATION = "Department of Computer Science and
                  Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo",
        ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY"}

@MANUAL {ShaSIG99a,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro and {The SNePS Implementation Group}",
	YEAR = 1999,
	TITLE = "{SNePS 2.5} User's Manual",
	ORGANIZATION = "Department of Computer Science and
                  Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo",
        ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY"}

@InProceedings{IsmSha00a,
  author = 	 {Haythem O. Ismail and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {Two Problems with Reasoning and Acting in Time},
  booktitle = 	 {Principles of Knowledge Representation and
    Reasoning: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference (KR
    2000)},
  year =	 2000,
  editor =	 {Anthony G. Cohn and Fausto Giunchiglia and Bart Selman},
  address =	 {San Francisco},
  publisher =	 {Morgan Kaufmann},
  pages =        {355--365}}

@Book{IwaSha00a,
  editor =	 {{\L}ucja M. Iwa\'{n}ska and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {Natural Language Processing and Knowledge
                  Representation: Language for Knowledge and Knowledge
                  for Language},
  publisher = 	 {AAAI Press/The MIT Press},
  year = 	 2000,
  address =	 {Menlo Park, CA}
}

@InCollection{Sha00a,
  author = 	 {Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {{SNePS}: A Logic for Natural Language Understanding
                  and Commonsense Reasoning},
  booktitle = 	 {Natural Language Processing and Knowledge
                  Representation: Language for Knowledge and Knowledge
                  for Language},
  publisher =	 {AAAI Press/The MIT Press},
  year =	 2000,
  editor =	 {{\L}ucja Iwa\'{n}ska and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  address =	 {Menlo Park, CA}
}

@InProceedings{JohSha00,
  author = 	 {Frances L. Johnson and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {Implementing Integrity Constraints in an Existing
                  Belief Revision System},
  booktitle = 	 {Papers from the Belief Change Workshop at NMR2000},
  year =	 2000,
  note =	 {in press}
}

@InProceedings{IsmSha00b,
  author = 	 {Haythem O. Ismail and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {Conscious Error Recovery and Interrupt Handling},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the International Conference on
                  Artificial Intelligence ({IC-AI'2000})},
  pages =	 {633--639},
  year =	 2000,
  editor =	 {H. R. Arabnia},
  volume =	 {II},
  address =	 {Las Vegas, Nevada},
  month =	 {June},
  publisher =	 {{CSREA} Press}
}

@InProceedings{Sha04a,
  author = 	 {Stuart C. Shapior},
  title = 	 {A Logic of Arbitrary and Indefinite Objects},
  booktitle = 	 {Principles of Knowledge Representation and
                  Reasoning: Proceedings of the Ninth International
                  Conference ({KR2004})},
  pages =	 {565--575},
  year =	 2004,
  editor =	 {Didier Dubois and Christopher Welty and Mary-Anne Williams},
  address =	 {Menlo Park, CA},
  publisher =	 {AAAI Press}
}

@MANUAL {ShaSIG04a,
	AUTHOR = "Stuart C. Shapiro and {The SNePS Implementation Group}",
	YEAR = 2004,
	TITLE = "{SNePS 2.6.1} User's Manual",
	ORGANIZATION = "Department of Computer Science and
                  Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State
                  University of New York",
        ADDRESS = "Buffalo, NY",
        NOTE = "Available as
               {\texttt{http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/sneps/Manuals/manual261.ps}}"
}

@TechReport{shaanspapdevkantel05,
  author = 	 {Stuart C. Shapiro and Josephine Anstey and David
                  E. Pape and Trupti Devdas Nayak and Michael Kandefer
                  and Orkan Telhan},
  title = 	 {{MGLAIR} Agents in a Virtual Reality Drama},
  institution =  {Department of Computer Science \& Engineering,
                  University at Buffalo},
  year = 	 2005,
  type =	 {Technical Report},
  number =	 {2005-08},
  address =	 {Buffalo, NY}
}

@InCollection{shaanspapdevkantel05b,
  author = 	 {Stuart C. Shapiro and Josephine Anstey and David
                  E. Pape and Trupti Devdas Nayak and Michael Kandefer
                  and Orkan Telhan},
  title = 	 {{The Trial The Trail, Act 3}: A Virtual Reality
                  Drama Using Intelligent Agents},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the First Annual Artificial
                  Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment
                  Conference ({AIIDE-05})},
  editor =       {R. Michael Young and John Laird},
  pages =	 {157--158},
  publisher =	 {AAAI Press},
  year =	 2005,
  address =	 {Menlo Park, CA}
}

@InCollection{JohSha05a,
  author = 	 {Frances L Johnson and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {Dependency-Directed Reconsideration: Belief Base
                  Optimization for Truth Maintenance Systems},
  booktitle = 	 {Proceedings of the Twentieth National Conference on
                  Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-05)},
  pages =	 {313--320},
  publisher =	 {AAAI Press},
  year =	 2005,
  address =	 {Menlo Park, CA}
}

@InCollection{JohSha05b,
  author = 	 {Frances L. Johnson and Stuart C. Shapiro},
  title = 	 {Improving Recovery for Belief Bases},
  booktitle = 	 {IJCAI-05 Workshop on Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action,
                  and Change (NRAC'05): Working Notes,},
  editor =       {Leora Morgenstern and Maurice Pagnucco},
  pages =	 {65--70},
  publisher =	 {IJCAII},
  year =	 2005,
  address =	 {Edinburgh, Scotland}
}

@InCollection{ShaKan05,
  author = 	 {Stuart C. Shapiro and Michael Kandefer},
  title = 	 {A {SNePS} Approach to The Wumpus World Agent or {C}assie
                  Meets the Wumpus},
  booktitle = 	 {IJCAI-05 Workshop on Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Action,
                  and Change (NRAC'05): Working Notes},
  pages =	 {96--103},
  publisher =	 {IJCAII},
  year =	 2005,
  editor =	 {Leora Morgenstern and Maurice Pagnucco},
  address =	 {Edinburgh, Scotland}
}

@Unpublished{Gol05a,
  author = 	 {Albert Goldfain},
  title = 	 {Counting and Early Mathematical Understanding},
  note = 	 {\url{http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~ag33/CAEMU.pdf}},
  year =	 2005
}

@InProceedings{Rap05a,
  author = 	 {William J. Rapaport},
  title = 	 {In Defense of Contextual Vocabulary Acquisition: How
                  to Do Things with Words in Context},
  booktitle = 	 {Modeling and Using Context: 5th International and
                  Interdisciplinary Conference (Context 2005)},
  pages =	 {396--409},
  year =	 2005,
  editor =	 {Anind Dey and Boicho Kokinov and David Leake and
                  Roy Turner},
  series =	 {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 3554},
  address =	 {Berlin},
  publisher =	 {Springer-Verlag}
}

@InProceedings{JohSha06a,
  author =	 "Frances L. Johnson and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title =	 "Base Belief Change and Optimized Recovery",
  booktitle =	 {STAIRS 2006: Proceedings of the Third Starting AI
                  Researchers' Symposium},
  pages =	 {162-173},
  year =	 {2006},
  editor =	 {Loris Penserini and Pavlos Peppas and Anna Perini},
  volume =	 {142},
  series =	 {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and
                  Applications},
  publisher =	 {IOS Press},
  address =	 {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}
}

@InProceedings{JohSha06b,
  author =	 "Frances L. Johnson and Stuart C. Shapiro",
  title =	 "Reconsideration on Non-Linear Base Orderings",
  booktitle =	 {STAIRS 2006: Proceedings of the Third Starting AI
                  Researchers' Symposium},
  pages =	 {261-262},
  year =	 {2006},
  editor =	 {Loris Penserini and Pavlos Peppas and Anna Perini},
  volume =	 {142},
  series =	 {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and
                  Applications},
  publisher =	 {IOS Press},
  address =	 {Amsterdam, The Netherlands}
}