Mental Models
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Last Update: 22 February 2006
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On a Dispute within Cognitive Science over the Nature of Human Reasoning (Is It Syntactic or Semantic?):
GO TO THIS WEBSITE:
"So you think you're logical?"
AND PARTICIPATE IN AN EXPERIMENT BEFORE READING FURTHER!
General Overviews:
A Logical Illusion
Laird-Johnson, P.N.; Girotto, Vittorio; & Legrenzi, Paolo (1998),
"Mental Models: A Gentle Guide for Outsiders"
Selmer Bringsjord, Ron Noel, Elizabeth Bringsjord (1998),
"In Defense of Logical Minds"
A nice overview on the psychology of reasoning.
The main historical source:
Johnson-Laird, Philip N.
(1983),
Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness
(Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press
).
An excellent survey article that clearly sets the grounds for the dispute:
Johnson-Laird, P.N.; Byrne, Ruth M.J.; & Schaeken, Walter (1992), "Propositional Reasoning by Model",
Psychological Review
99(3): 418-439.
PDF
Rips, Lance J.
(1994),
The Psychology of Proof: Deductive Reasoning in Human Thinking
(Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press
).
Johnson-Laird, Philip N.
(1997),
"Rules and Illusions: A Critical Study of Rips's
The Psychology of Proof
"
,
Minds and Machines
7(3): 387-407.
Rips, Lance J.
(1997),
"Goals for a Theory of Deduction: Reply to Johnson-Laird"
,
Minds and Machines
7(3): 409-424.
Johnson-Laird, Philip N.
(1997),
"An End to the Controversy? A Reply to Rips"
,
Minds and Machines
7(3): 425-432.
Fetzer, James H.
(1999),
"Deduction and Mental Models"
,
Minds and Machines
9(1): 105-110.
Johnson-Laird, Philip N.
, &
Byrne, Ruth M.J.
(1999),
"Models Rule, OK? A Reply to Fetzer"
,
Minds and Machines
9(1): 111-118.
Fetzer, James H.
(1999),
"Mental Models: Reasoning without Rules"
,
Minds and Machines
9(1): 119-126.
Related to the previous item, two papers on the proper role of psychological studies of human reasoning in the creation of formal models of reasoning:
Pelletier, Francis Jeffry
&
Elio, Renée
(1997),
"What Should Default Reasoning Be, by Default?"
,
Computational Intelligence
13(2)
:
165-187
.
Pelletier, Francis Jeffry, & Elio, Renée (2005),
"The Case for Psychologism in Default and Inheritance Reasoning"
,
Synthese
146(1): 7-35.
Copyright © 2002--2006 by
William J. Rapaport
(
rapaport@cse.buffalo.edu
)
file: mental-models-20060222.html