======================================================================== Microscopy vs. CS ======================================================================== I mentioned in lecture the historical example of microscopy as an academic discipline (centered around a tool) that no longer exists on its own. On the What is CS website, at http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~rapaport/584/whatiscs.html#microscopy there are some other links that you might be interested in. Here's another example: Ornes, Stephen (2007), "Whatever Happened to...Chaos Theory?", Discover (April): 16. http://tinyurl.com/342ltp When I pointed this out to Prof. Shapiro, he replied: "Chaos Theory, however, was never considered a scientific discipline, with journals, academic departments, etc. Microscopy was, and Computer Science is." To which I replied: "Fair enough, and perhaps there are no Depts of Chaos(*), but there is at least one journal: http://neurolab.ing.unirc.it/chaos/ and what evidence besides the one paragraph in Boorstein's book is there that microscopy had journals and academic depts? (*) ...though I can't resist observing that there are probably lots of chaotic departments :-)" I don't know about the 17th century, but there is now a professional organization for microscopy: http://www.microscopy.org