Translating from English to a First-Order Language

Here are some references to algorithmic treatments of translation from English to a first-order language (i.e., a language for first-order [or "predicate"] logic).

1. Kalish, Donald; Montague, Richard; & Mar, Gary (1964, 1980), Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning, Second Edition (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich)
   • SCI/ENGR Book Collection BC135 .K18 1980

   • Ch. I ("‘NOT’ and ‘IF’"), Sect. 2: "From symbols to English and back", pp. 8-13.
   • Ch. II ("‘AND’, ‘OR’, ‘IF AND ONLY IF’"), Sect. 2: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 53-59.
   • Ch. III ("‘ALL’ and ‘SOME’"), Sect. 4: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 126-139.
   • Ch. IV ("‘ALL’ and ‘SOME’, continued"), Sect. 4: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 209-219.
   • Ch. V ("‘IS’ (in one sense)"), Sect. 2: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 264-269.
   • Ch. VI ("‘THE’"), Sect. 4: "Translation and symbolization", pp. 315-318.

   • PDF of the above sections

2. Otto, Herbert R. (1978), The Linguistic Basis of Logic Translation (Washington, DC: University Press of America).
   • LOCKWOOD Book Collection BC135 .O84

3. Schagrin, Morton L. (1979), The Language of Logic: A Self-Instruction Text, 2nd edition (New York: Random House).
   • First edition (which lacks the 2nd edition's section on relations) is in LOCKWOOD Book Collection BC135 .S3

4. Representing English Sentences in FOL

5. Suber, Peter (2002), "Translation Tips".

6. 
   Hofstadter, Douglas R. (1998), Le Ton Beau de Marot: In Praise of the Music of Language (New York: Basic Books).
   • The magnum opus on translation for any cognitive scientist.