; define relations (define object isa has) ; Elephants are animals. (describe (assert object elephant isa animal)) ; Circus elephants are elephants. (describe (assert object circus-elephant isa elephant)) ; Dumbo is a circus elephant. (describe (assert object dumbo isa circus-elephant)) ; Clyde is an elephant. (describe (assert object clyde isa elephant)) ; Trunks are appendages. (describe (assert object trunk isa appendage)) ; Alex is an AI course instructor. (describe (assert object alex isa AICI)) ; Tweety is a bird. (describe (assert object tweety isa bird)) ; Find out if Dumbo is an animal. (describe (find object dumbo isa animal)) ; Define the relation "isa" to be equivalent to an "isa" ; arc followed by 0 or more paths up an "object-" ; arc to an asserted node and down to another "isa" arc: (define-path isa (compose isa (kstar (compose object- ! isa)))) ; Find out if Dumbo is an animal. (describe (find object dumbo isa animal)) ; Deduce whether Dumbo is an animal. (describe (deduce object dumbo isa animal))