Time and Tense

1. James Allen's theory:
   • Allen, James F. (1983), "Maintaining Knowledge about Temporal Intervals", Communications of the ACM 26(11): 832-843.
     • Probably the most accessible paper, since it was intended for a general CS audience.

   • Allen, James F (1984), "A General Model of Action and Time", Artificial Intelligence 23(2): 123-154.

   • Allen, James F., & Hayes, Patrick J. (1985), "A Common-Sense Theory of Time", in Aravind Joshi (ed.), Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-85, Los Angeles) (Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann): 528-531.
     • ***** Highly recommended!! *****

   • Allen, James F. & Hayes, Patrick J. (1990, January), "Moments and Points in an Interval-Based Temporal Logic", Computational Intelligence.

   • Allen, James F. (1991), "Time and Time Again: The Many Ways to Represent Time", [gzipped .ps version] International Journal of Intelligent Systems 6(4): 341-356.

   • Allen, James F., & Ferguson, G. (1994), "Actions and Events in Interval Temporal Logic", [zipped .ps file] Journal of Logic and Computation 4(5).

2. Michael J. Almeida's SNePS theory:
   • Almeida, Michael J. (1995), "Time in Narratives", in Duchan, Judith Felson; Bruder, Gail A.; & Hewitt, Lynne E. (eds.) (1995), Deixis in Narrative: A Cognitive Science Perspective (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates): 159-189.

3. 
   Haythem Ismail's SNePS theory:
   1. Ismail, Haythem O.; & Shapiro, Stuart C. (1999), "Cascaded Acts: Conscious Sequential Acting for Embodied Agents", Technical Report 99-10 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science and Engineering) [postscript format]

   2. Ismail, Haythem O.; & Shapiro, Stuart C. (2000), "Two Problems with Reasoning and Acting in Time", in A.G. Cohn, F. Giunchiglia, & B. Selman (eds.), Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference (KR 2000) (San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann): 355-365. [postscript format]

   3. Ismail, Haythem O.; & Shapiro, Stuart C. (2001), "The Cognitive Clock: A Formal Investigation of the Epistemology of Time", Technical Report 2001-08 (Buffalo: SUNY Buffalo Department of Computer Science and Engineering) [PDF].

   4. Ismail, Haythem (2006), "Simultaneous Events and the "Once-Only" Effect", in Brandon Bennett & Christiane Fellbaum (eds.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference (FOIS 2006) (Amsterdam: IOS Press): 143-154. [PDF]

4. An excellent overview is:
   • Hayes, Patrick J. (1995), "A Catalog of Temporal Theories", Beckman Institute Technical Report UIUC-BI-AI-96-01 (Urbana/Champaign, IL: University of Illinois).
     • (Postscript files available)